<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464</id><updated>2012-01-31T04:58:35.760-06:00</updated><category term='Italian'/><category term='nepal'/><category term='phonology'/><category term='Macedonian'/><category term='Portuguese'/><category term='irradiation'/><category term='books'/><category term='syntax'/><category term='verbs'/><category term='ue'/><category term='grammar'/><category term='inflectional phrase'/><category term='wealth'/><category term='hebrew'/><category term='semantics'/><category term='Spanish'/><category term='interfaith'/><category term='Japanese'/><category term='science'/><category term='gematria'/><category term='children'/><category term='theoretical linguistics'/><category term='negation'/><category term='Internet'/><category term='bible'/><category term='Czech'/><category term='linguistics'/><category term='translation'/><category term='php'/><category term='politics'/><category term='Polish'/><category term='Russian'/><category term='paradoxes'/><category term='French'/><category term='fukushima'/><category term='literature'/><category term='multilingual computing'/><category term='Slavic'/><category term='Earth'/><category term='languages'/><category term='reationality'/><category term='history'/><category term='religion'/><category term='geography'/><category term='mathematics'/><category term='japan'/><category term='Latin'/><category term='love'/><category term='NASA'/><category term='poverty'/><title type='text'>Linguae Textae</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default?start-index=101&amp;max-results=100'/><author><name>Admin</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12835335260224171811</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>703</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-2831138990904390054</id><published>2012-01-31T04:52:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2012-01-31T04:58:35.792-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Inaninamate masculine genitive in a in West Slavic languages</title><content type='html'>I've noticed that among Polish, Slovak, and Czech, Polish has the most instances of an inanimate masculine genitive in a, followed by Slovak and then by Czech. Nevertheless, I've discovered a Czech word with an inanimate masculine genitive in a, but with a u in Polish and Slovak. It is Czech ocet (vinegar), genitive singular octa. Slovak ocot and Polish ocet have octu in the genitive singular.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-2831138990904390054?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/2831138990904390054/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=2831138990904390054' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2831138990904390054'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2831138990904390054'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2012/01/inaninamate-masculine-genitive-in-in.html' title='Inaninamate masculine genitive in a in West Slavic languages'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-2886362338890356406</id><published>2012-01-29T13:27:00.005-06:00</published><updated>2012-01-29T13:37:36.267-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Etymology of liliac in Romanian</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://dexonline.ro/definitie/liliac"&gt;This &lt;/a&gt;Romanian dictionary states that liliac (bat, the animal) comes from Bulgarian liljak. Bulgarian doesn't have this word, though, it is &lt;a href="http://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8"&gt;Macedonian &lt;/a&gt;that does. Bat in Bulgarian is &lt;a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8"&gt;prilep &lt;/a&gt;(прилеп).&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-2886362338890356406?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/2886362338890356406/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=2886362338890356406' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2886362338890356406'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2886362338890356406'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2012/01/etymology-of-liliac-in-romanian.html' title='Etymology of liliac in Romanian'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-8663010544197434133</id><published>2012-01-23T08:39:00.000-06:00</published><updated>2012-01-23T08:41:13.669-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Taxi</title><content type='html'>I've finally found a language that has a native word for &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;taxi&lt;/span&gt;: Hebrew &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;monit&lt;/span&gt;, מונית.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-8663010544197434133?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/8663010544197434133/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=8663010544197434133' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8663010544197434133'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8663010544197434133'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2012/01/taxi.html' title='Taxi'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-6159766122143049876</id><published>2012-01-09T08:23:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2012-01-09T08:28:19.877-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Kovboj</title><content type='html'>The English word cowboy probably got this Czech spelling when not many people knew how to pronounce English as kovboj doesn't resemble the pronunciation of cowboy at all, but how a Czech not knowing English might read it. If it entered the language today, it would probably be spelled kauboj.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-6159766122143049876?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/6159766122143049876/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=6159766122143049876' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/6159766122143049876'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/6159766122143049876'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2012/01/kovboj.html' title='Kovboj'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-7552901127592627671</id><published>2011-12-29T14:17:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-12-29T14:20:17.704-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Table football</title><content type='html'>It is amazing how many names exist within the same language for &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_football"&gt;table football&lt;/a&gt;. Just click on the languages on the left to see the panoply of terms.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-7552901127592627671?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/7552901127592627671/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=7552901127592627671' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7552901127592627671'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7552901127592627671'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/12/table-football.html' title='Table football'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-6418998452714439683</id><published>2011-12-26T03:03:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-12-26T09:41:09.037-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Vánoce</title><content type='html'>Even though the norm requires Vánoce (Christmas) to be capitalized in Czech, I see it often in small letters, vánoce, which I find disrespectful. Vánoce with lower case v is probably due to the spelling norms in effect until 1993, which some people still regard as up to date.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-6418998452714439683?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/6418998452714439683/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=6418998452714439683' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/6418998452714439683'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/6418998452714439683'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/12/stepfather.html' title='Vánoce'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-4546897625887314419</id><published>2011-12-23T15:35:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-12-23T15:47:07.448-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Butterfly wings</title><content type='html'>I have found out there is a horrible disease that goes by the name &lt;a href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=newssearch&amp;http://www.blogger.com/img/blank.gifcd=2&amp;ved=0CDIQqQIwAQ&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wcti12.com%2Fnews%2F30028318%2Fdetail.html&amp;ctbm=nws&amp;ei=4PT0TtzmJNGUOon6pLUB&amp;usg=AFQjCNHbLrmTYqBZo27BMlakZTiDPobMIA&amp;sig2=MWYIGtDPqYVr__utiNd6Nw"&gt;Epidermolysis bullosa (EB)&lt;/a&gt;. Nothing pretty about it, except maybe for the name that Czech speakers have devised for it: motýlí křídla, butterfly wings, due to the fragile skin people with that condition have.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-4546897625887314419?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/4546897625887314419/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=4546897625887314419' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/4546897625887314419'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/4546897625887314419'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/12/butterfly-wings.html' title='Butterfly wings'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-6459550770883434275</id><published>2011-12-20T03:06:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-12-20T03:14:54.080-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Japanese birodo, velvet</title><content type='html'>I wonder why the Japanese word is ビロード (birodo), from Portuguese veludo, velvet. They could have ru/lu there: ビルド (birudo) or ベルド (berudo). I don't doubt that some Portuguese speakers may pronounce (I don't) the ve there as vi, as that syllable is unstressed, and that's how Japanese got bi, but ro (ロ) instead of ru (ル)? Such things may happen as a speaker does not hear the sounds of a foreign word, but from lu to ro?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-6459550770883434275?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/6459550770883434275/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=6459550770883434275' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/6459550770883434275'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/6459550770883434275'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/12/japanese-birodo-velvet.html' title='Japanese birodo, velvet'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-2083795378784815004</id><published>2011-11-28T11:07:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-11-28T11:19:01.455-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Dvoum and dvouma</title><content type='html'>The Czech numeral dva (masc.), dvě (fem./neut.), two, has the following declension: nominative and accusative dva/dvě, genitive and locative dvou, dative and instrumental dvěma.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nevertheless, many people say dvoum in the dative and dvouma in the instrumental. That makes more sense than the standard forms, since dvoum ends in m in the dative, just like other nouns (studentům, students), adjectives (pěkným, pretty), and pronouns (těm, those). Dvouma ends in ma, just like rukama (hands/arms), nohama (legs/feet), očima (eyes), ušima (ears), and other words following a nonstandard declension: studentama instead of studenty, autama instead of auty and ženama instead of ženami.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-2083795378784815004?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/2083795378784815004/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=2083795378784815004' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2083795378784815004'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2083795378784815004'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/11/dvoum-and-dvouma.html' title='Dvoum and dvouma'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-5014027336515509143</id><published>2011-11-26T04:49:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-11-26T04:54:12.773-06:00</updated><title type='text'>New language, new soul</title><content type='html'>The book Dreaming in Hindi states there is a Slovak proverb that goes &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;With each new language, you acquire a new soul.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I looked for a literal translation online, something like S každým novým jazykom získaš novú dušu, but that didn't turn up anything. The proverb is probably that famous one Koľko jazykov vieš, toľkrát si človekom, which we also find in Czech, Kolik jazyků znáš, tolikrát jsi člověkem, both meaning something like The more languages you know, the more of a person you are.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-5014027336515509143?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/5014027336515509143/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=5014027336515509143' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5014027336515509143'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5014027336515509143'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/11/new-language-new-soul.html' title='New language, new soul'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-3510778739037394179</id><published>2011-11-17T14:36:00.005-06:00</published><updated>2011-11-17T14:57:16.717-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Onze-horas</title><content type='html'>A palavra do dia deste &lt;a href="http://www.priberam.pt/dlpo/default.aspx?pal=onze-letras"&gt;dicionário português&lt;/a&gt; é onze-letras: Intermediário de amores. = ALCOVITEIRO&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diz que é brasileirismo. Eu não acreditei muito e fui conferir. O &lt;a href="http://aulete.uol.com.br/site.php?mdl=aulete_digital&amp;op=loadVerbete&amp;pesquisa=1&amp;palavra=onze-horas"&gt;Aulete &lt;/a&gt;confirma. Esta palavra lembrou-me outra interessante que aprendi por intermédio do catalão &lt;a href="http://www.rodamots.com/mot_cerca_resultat.asp?nm=2812"&gt;finestrer&lt;/a&gt;, a palavra &lt;a href="http://aulete.uol.com.br/site.php?mdl=aulete_digital&amp;op=loadVerbete&amp;pesquisa=1&amp;palavra=janeleiro"&gt;janeleiro&lt;/a&gt;. Acho que se poderia usar esse vocábulo para qualificar as senhoras, principalmente de antiga, que não tinham o que fazer e ficavam à janela para saber da vida dos outros. Há também o verbo &lt;a href="http://aulete.uol.com.br/site.php?mdl=aulete_digital&amp;op=loadVerbete&amp;pesquisa=1&amp;palavra=janelar"&gt;janelar&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Como quem procura acha (nem sempre), descobri que em espanhol há &lt;a href="http://buscon.rae.es/draeI/SrvltConsulta?TIPO_BUS=3&amp;LEMA=ventanear"&gt;ventanear &lt;/a&gt;e &lt;a href="http://buscon.rae.es/draeI/SrvltConsulta?TIPO_BUS=3&amp;LEMA=ventanero"&gt;ventanero&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-3510778739037394179?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/3510778739037394179/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=3510778739037394179' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3510778739037394179'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3510778739037394179'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/11/onze-horas.html' title='Onze-horas'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-8340065126205293486</id><published>2011-11-15T13:24:00.006-06:00</published><updated>2011-11-17T05:45:42.117-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Respeitamente</title><content type='html'>www.proz.com/kudoz/portuguese_to_english/law_general/4590545-arquivar_se_á_desde_já_o_processo.html&lt;br /&gt;Assim, quanto á divida respeitamente a Ms Fulando arquivar-se-á desde já o processo???&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Respeitamente? Será que os magistrados se comunicam assim mesmo, e o pior achando que estão abafando? Sei que às vezes eles dizem umas coisas bem estranhas (estranhas aqui é eufemismo para erradas), mas &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;respeitamente &lt;/span&gt;é de lascar. Os advérbios em mente são todos formados a partir de adjetivos no feminino, o que significaria que respeitamente viria do adjetivo respeita, feminino do adjetivo respeito, mas tal adjetivo não existe! Respeito é substantivo. É a primeira vez que vejo um formado a partir de um substantivo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Não bastam &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;quanto a, com relação a, no tocante a&lt;/span&gt; e quejandos?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Não vou nem falar do &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;á&lt;/span&gt;, que pode ter sido erro de digitação.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-8340065126205293486?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/8340065126205293486/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=8340065126205293486' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8340065126205293486'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8340065126205293486'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/11/respeitamente.html' title='Respeitamente'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-2070086159386994128</id><published>2011-11-06T04:35:00.004-06:00</published><updated>2011-11-06T04:42:57.985-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Posto que</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://aulete.uol.com.br/site.php?mdl=aulete_digital&amp;op=loadVerbete&amp;pesquisa=1&amp;palavra=posto"&gt;Posto que originalmente se usava com verbo no subjuntivo e significava embora, apesar, ainda que. Daí passaram a usá-lo com verbo no indicativo com o significativo de já que, como, uma vez que.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Como ficamos nesta frase?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Sociedade/noticia/2011/10/quer-morar-comigo.html"&gt;Posto que as pessoas se &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;gostem&lt;/span&gt; e que a vida delas já &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;está&lt;/span&gt; (voluntariamente) embaralhada, começa a discussão sobre viver ou não viver junto - que está longe de ser simples.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O primeiro verbo aparece no subjuntivo, que sugere &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;embora&lt;/span&gt;, já o segundo está no indicativo, que sugere &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;uma vez que&lt;/span&gt;. E agora? Acho bem pouco provável que o primeiro verbo dê uma ideia concessiva e o segundo uma ideia causativa, mas vá lá saber. Será que a intenção foi usar &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;gostam&lt;/span&gt;? Será &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;gostem&lt;/span&gt; um simples erro de digitação?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-2070086159386994128?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/2070086159386994128/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=2070086159386994128' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2070086159386994128'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2070086159386994128'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/11/posto-que.html' title='Posto que'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-4827004044330764249</id><published>2011-11-04T04:22:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-11-04T04:31:21.071-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Absogro</title><content type='html'>Descobri a palavra absogro, que é o avô do sogro ou da sogra. Mas acho que seria mais útil saber que nome se dá aos pais dos sogros, já que se trata de relações mais próximas. Se os avós de João, casado com Maria, se chamam Ana e Francisco, o que são eles em relação a Maria? Não me adianta muito saber que os bisavós de João, Teresa e Leonel, são os absogros de Maria, que são pessoas que, pela grande diferença de idade, talvez já tenham falecido antes de João e Maria se unirem em matrimônio.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-4827004044330764249?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/4827004044330764249/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=4827004044330764249' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/4827004044330764249'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/4827004044330764249'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/11/absogro.html' title='Absogro'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-300494627683802409</id><published>2011-11-01T09:47:00.013-06:00</published><updated>2011-11-01T10:24:37.569-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Halina Tolowski e Bogdana Malkowa</title><content type='html'>Do livro susodito: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Como em todoso os domingos, Halina Tolowski volta para casa,..., depois de visitar sua amiga de infância Bogdana Malkowa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Halina e Bogdana são de Zelazowa Wola, uma aldeia no leste da Polônia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Acontece que Halina, como boa polonesa que é, não pode ter o sobrenome Tolowski. Por quê? Porque os sobrenomes terminados em ski são adjetivos, e como tais, declinam-se em gênero, número e caso. Como Halina é mulher, seu sobrenome deveria estar no feminino também, a saber, Tolowska, e isso não muda quando uma eslava se muda para o Brasil.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O nome Malkowa também é estranho. Descobri que há uma cidade na Polônia chamada Małkowo, daí seria possível dizer Bogdana z Małkowa (de Małkowo).  Existe o nome &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;russo&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Malkov (em alfabeto cirílico: Малков), feminino Malkova (Малковa) &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;em russo&lt;/span&gt;. Tenho uma polonesa tivesse esse nome, seria chamada Małkow, com a letra ł, que soa como u em &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;água&lt;/span&gt;, usada para transliterar a letra л, sem o a que aparece em russo por não se tratar de adjetivo. Outra opção seria chamar-lhe Bogdana Małkowska, agora sim com a, por ser adjetivo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Talvez não seja possível pôr o diacrítico no livro, na minha versão digital não há, mas o correto é Żelazowa Wola, com um pontinho em cima do z. O z sem ponto lê-se como o nosso z, o z com ponto é como o nosso j.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-300494627683802409?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/300494627683802409/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=300494627683802409' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/300494627683802409'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/300494627683802409'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/11/halina-tolowski.html' title='Halina Tolowski e Bogdana Malkowa'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-7580824024235733379</id><published>2011-10-30T05:44:00.006-06:00</published><updated>2011-10-30T05:54:54.038-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Gastrimargia</title><content type='html'>Extraído de &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;As Esganadas&lt;/span&gt;: O título da carta apostólica é: &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Gula. Indulgentia de obesitate.&lt;/span&gt; No texto, o Sumo Pontífice explica que a gula, ou gastrimargia, não deve mais ser considerada pecado.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Procurei &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;gastrimargia&lt;/span&gt; em várias dicionários de português e não encontrei. Encontrei isto na Wikipédia: &lt;a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_la_depresi%C3%B3n"&gt;Desde una perspectiva religiosa a la melancolía se la categorizó como "demonio", entendido como tentación o pecado, pasando a denominarse acedia o apátheia (desidia, apatía).19 Los ocho pecados capitales eran la gastrimargia, la fornicatio, la philargyria, la tristitia, la cenodoxia (esta fue eliminada por Tomás de Aquino, quedando para el acervo popular los siete pecados capitales), la ira, la superbia y la acedia o taedium cordis (desidia, sutilmente diferente de la tristeza o de la pereza)&lt;/a&gt;, que parece indicar que o termo era usado em latim, de claros moldes gregos. Gastér, genitivo, gastrós, significa ventre, estômago, e márgos é&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt; insolente, impudico, louco, desregrado, glutão&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-7580824024235733379?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/7580824024235733379/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=7580824024235733379' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7580824024235733379'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7580824024235733379'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/10/gastrimargia.html' title='Gastrimargia'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-3558541935176463710</id><published>2011-10-28T00:54:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-10-28T01:10:48.317-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Colocação pronominal de suposto personagem português de As Esganadas</title><content type='html'>Dialect fail in books: http://separatedbyacommonlanguage.blogspot.com/2011/05/dialect-fail-in-books-your-help.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Como atesta o link acima, muitas vezes o autor de determinado país não consegue reproduzir bem diálogos travados em outros países ou até mesmo noutras regiões onde se fala a mesma língua. No livro &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;As Esganadas&lt;/span&gt; há vários exemplos de deslizes nesse quesito, no caso específico deste &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;post&lt;/span&gt; quanto à colocação pronominal praticada por um português, que vive há algum tempo no Rio de Janeiro. Nele aparece a visão exagerada de vários brasileiros, que os portugueses sempre colocam os pronomes depois do verbo, o que não é verdade.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Por uma feliz coincidência, antes de vir pro Brasil e tornar-se empresário de sucesso, este vosso criado era inspector de polícia em Lisboa. Se a modéstia não &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;impedisse-me&lt;/span&gt; de dizê-lo, acrescentaria que meu talento dedutivo ajudou a elucidar uma série de crimes em Portugal... Depois que &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;morreu-me&lt;/span&gt; o tio, expandi os negócios...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;E o mais interessante no fim da conversa entre o português e o delegado de polícia brasileiro, quando aquele se vai, é o comentário:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Por enquanto, só acho mesmo que ele coloca muito bem os pronomes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O que poderia ser sinal da influência brasileira sobre o português, ou então outro deslize do autor:&lt;br /&gt;Não é nada disso, por favor, &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;me desculpem&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mais um exemplo:&lt;br /&gt;Estou cá a pensar no perpetrador e &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;se pode estimar&lt;/span&gt;, por exemplo, que &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;trata-se&lt;/span&gt; de um músico frustrado. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Note-se que todas as marcações em negrito constituem colocações inadequadas, em qualquer variedade do português.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-3558541935176463710?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/3558541935176463710/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=3558541935176463710' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3558541935176463710'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3558541935176463710'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/10/colocacao-pronominal-de-suposto.html' title='Colocação pronominal de suposto personagem português de As Esganadas'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-666930764244159524</id><published>2011-10-17T12:18:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-10-17T12:23:21.820-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Veran...?</title><content type='html'>Acabei de me dar conta de que há uma lacuna na língua portuguesa, conclusão a que cheguei comparando com o espanhol veraniego, adjetivo referente a verão. Se para primavera e inverno há dois pares, primaveral e primaveril, invernal e hibernal, e para outono temos outonal, o que temos para verão? Pois é, não temos nada com essa raiz. Mas felizmente podemos recorrer a estival.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-666930764244159524?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/666930764244159524/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=666930764244159524' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/666930764244159524'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/666930764244159524'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/10/veran.html' title='Veran...?'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-8285410635450238564</id><published>2011-10-15T04:31:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-10-15T04:35:45.684-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Negrinho</title><content type='html'>Ontem aprendi que no Rio Grande do Sul se chama negrinho ao que nunca imaginei que pudesse ter outro nome, por ser quase como uma marca registrada brasileira: o brigadeiro! Mas eles pelo menos têm consciência do atentado que cometem ao pobre doce traduzindo para brigadeiro na presença de seres não gaúchos, como eu.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-8285410635450238564?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/8285410635450238564/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=8285410635450238564' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8285410635450238564'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8285410635450238564'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/10/negrinho.html' title='Negrinho'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-510931199982433321</id><published>2011-10-13T02:52:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-10-13T03:12:34.621-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Y and B in Cyrillic</title><content type='html'>I've been toying with a crazy theory. Since the Cyrillic alphabet was based on Greek, the pronunciation of Cyrillic Y as oo may have been inspired by the Classical Greek pronunciation, which scholars believe to have been like French u or German ü. This sound is somewhat between ee and oo, with speakers of languages devoid of it sometimes hearing ee, sometimes hearing oo, and that's how it got into Cyrillic and the Slavic languages that use it, which have no need for the ü sound. Then the Y was lower-cased to y. A similar phenomenon &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;may &lt;/span&gt;have affected Greek B, which was purportedly pronounced b in the classical period, but has evolved into a v sound in Modern Greek. Cyrillic B is pronounced v, which possibly suggests that &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betacism"&gt;betacism &lt;/a&gt;was already under way when B was adopted in the Cyrillic alphabet.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-510931199982433321?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/510931199982433321/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=510931199982433321' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/510931199982433321'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/510931199982433321'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/10/y-and-b-in-cyrillic.html' title='Y and B in Cyrillic'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-1382885960568084673</id><published>2011-10-09T08:52:00.004-06:00</published><updated>2011-10-09T09:03:28.942-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Rousseff é melhor que Rousev?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Brasil/noticia/2011/10/na-bulgaria-dilma-visita-tumulo-do-irmao-e-exposicao-sobre-familia-roussev.html"&gt;A presidente Dilma Rousseff visitou o túmulo do irmão Luben Roussev em Sófia, capital da Bulgária, nesta quinta-feira (6). Luben morreu em 2007, e Dilma não chegou a conhecê-lo. Dilma é filha do búlgaro Pedro Rousev, que mais tarde modificou seu sobrenome no Brasil para facilitar a pronúncia.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Como mudar de Rousev para Rousseff pode facilitar a pronúncia? O nome é originalmente escrito em alfabeto cirílico, Русев, que, ao ser transliterado, dá Rusev. O r é como na palavra para, a letra c equivale ao ss da palavra nosso, o v, por aparecer no final, é pronunciado f, propriedade de todas as consoantes sonoras. Ajudaria mesmo se tivesse mudado para Russef, sem esse ou no meio, que parece francês, e sem esse ff no final, que lembra a transliteração alemã. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Outro dado curioso que poucos brasileiros devem saber é que se Dilma tivesse nascido na Bulgária, não seria Rousseff, mas Russeva, por ser mulher, ou melhor, Русева.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-1382885960568084673?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/1382885960568084673/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=1382885960568084673' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/1382885960568084673'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/1382885960568084673'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/10/rousseff-e-melhor-que-rousev.html' title='Rousseff é melhor que Rousev?'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-5651974376326316529</id><published>2011-10-07T00:56:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-10-07T01:10:44.391-06:00</updated><title type='text'>OMFG in Czech</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;OMFG! 100 kraťasů za pouhých 250 Kč!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;OMFG! 100 pairs of shorts for only 250 Kč (around 10 euros or 13 American dollars on this day)!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Funny how English abbreviations can penetrate other languages. I’m sure that 90% of Czechs who read this, though, have no idea that OMFG means Oh my fucking God, and that it expresses utter surprise. It’s okay to use it in English (I guess), but to use it in other languages and to risk not being understood is not okay.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-5651974376326316529?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/5651974376326316529/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=5651974376326316529' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5651974376326316529'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5651974376326316529'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/10/omfg-in-czech.html' title='OMFG in Czech'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-2504550196845279020</id><published>2011-10-04T10:33:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-10-04T10:36:17.250-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Chiptuning</title><content type='html'>There is a second-hand car dealership here where you can see &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;chiptuning &lt;/span&gt;written vertically on a pole with the c next to the h. Why is that? Because Czech ch is a digraph and has its own place in dictionaries, right after the h. Why after the h? I guess because they have similar sounds, but ch is more throaty. But interestingly, chiptuning is not a Czech word, so the h should be below the c, not next to it.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-2504550196845279020?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/2504550196845279020/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=2504550196845279020' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2504550196845279020'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2504550196845279020'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/10/chiptuning.html' title='Chiptuning'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-5425738755797163568</id><published>2011-10-01T04:09:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-10-01T04:16:46.918-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Quarter</title><content type='html'>Funny how some languages have taken a word from their ordinal number meaning fourth, quarter, and changed into something to mean a quarter (there you go again), a district, a neighborhood. We thus find quarter in English, quartier in Franch, quartiere in Italian, Viertel in German, čtvrť in Czech, štvrť in Slovak, negyed in Hungarian, cartier in Romanian. Portugueses has quarteirão, which, surprise of all surprises, means block, as in to walk so many blocks to get somewhere.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-5425738755797163568?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/5425738755797163568/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=5425738755797163568' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5425738755797163568'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5425738755797163568'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/10/quarter.html' title='Quarter'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-3684461033384441153</id><published>2011-09-29T02:20:00.004-06:00</published><updated>2011-09-29T02:27:00.959-06:00</updated><title type='text'>D'in</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Pagine belle te ne potrei citare ancora molte, come tanti hanno già fatto: la fuga &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;d'in campagna&lt;/span&gt; e l'arrivo in città.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This reminds me of Romanian. In Romanian you will find loads of examples of din (de + în) and de la, a two-preposition expression denoting provenance. A couple of examples:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;O femeie din localitatea ieşeană Ţigănaşi trebuie să plătească o amendă de 100 de lei, pentru că a ţipat de durere în timp ce soţul o bătea cu o furcă.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Liderul PSD pune această întâmplare pe seama unui "cadou" din partea preşedintelui Traian Băsescu. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Potrivit datelor de la Ministerul de Finanţe, la Nokia România SRL lucrau 1.552 de angajaţi anul trecut, dar cifra nu reprezintă numărul total, dată fiind politica Nokia de a folosi la Jucu forţă de muncă temporară închiriată de la firmele ce se ocupă cu leasingul de personal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-3684461033384441153?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/3684461033384441153/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=3684461033384441153' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3684461033384441153'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3684461033384441153'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/09/din.html' title='D&apos;in'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-1903072382487138087</id><published>2011-09-20T01:39:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-09-20T01:46:13.800-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Radegast den</title><content type='html'>A famous Czech beer, in honor of a Slavic god, Radegast, the god of hospitality, has recently had its day: Radegast den (Radegast or Radegast's day). This construction seems to be an English  calque. Czech would require the noun to be in the genitive form: Radegastův den or Den Radegasta. English seems to be creeping in not only in the lexicon of the language, but also more stealthily in its syntax.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-1903072382487138087?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/1903072382487138087/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=1903072382487138087' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/1903072382487138087'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/1903072382487138087'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/09/radegast-den.html' title='Radegast den'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-2768183653592636519</id><published>2011-08-31T05:38:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-08-31T05:43:47.929-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Jardim(-)de(-)infância</title><content type='html'>Reza o Acordo Ortográfico:&lt;a href="http://www.portaldalinguaportuguesa.org/?action=acordo&amp;version=1991"&gt; 6 	Nas locuções de qualquer tipo, sejam elas substantivas, adjetivas, pronominais, adverbiais, prepositivas ou conjuncionais, não se emprega em geral o hífen, salvo algumas exceções já consagradas pelo uso (como é o caso de água-de-colónia, arco-da-velha, cor-de-rosa, mais-que-perfeito, pé-de-meia, ao deus-dará, à queima-roupa). Sirvam, pois, de exemplo de emprego sem hífen as seguintes locuções:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a) Substantivas: cão de guarda, fim de semana, sala de jantar; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O dicionário da Academia Brasileira de Letras segue o preceito e registra &lt;a href="http://www.academia.org.br/abl/cgi/cgilua.exe/sys/start.htm?sid=23"&gt;jardim de infância&lt;/a&gt; sem hifens, já o dicionário Priberam, mesmo quando se seleciona a opção Acordo Ortográfico tanto com a bandeira brasileira quanto com a portuguesa, continua apresentando &lt;a href="http://www.priberam.pt/dlpo/default.aspx?pal=jardim-de-inf%u00e2ncia"&gt;jardim-de-infância&lt;/a&gt; com hifens. Será que o Priberam considera jardim de infância uma das exceções já consagradas pelo uso (eu não veria por quê) ou trata-se simplesmente dum descuido ou duma falha no sistema informático? Também acho perigosa a própria lista de exceções, que não tem caráter exaustivo. Quem decide se tal expressão é consagrada pelo uso ou não?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-2768183653592636519?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/2768183653592636519/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=2768183653592636519' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2768183653592636519'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2768183653592636519'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/08/jardim-de-infancia.html' title='Jardim(-)de(-)infância'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-5000650787692464781</id><published>2011-08-26T07:08:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-08-26T07:10:47.027-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Balinha</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.jornalnoticias.co.mz/pls/notimz2/getxml/pt/contentx/1278272"&gt;“Aceita uma balinha?”. Vocês estão rindo, mas eu não tinha nenhuma vontade de rir, porque balinha lá não quer dizer a mesma coisa que aqui. Quer dizer bala no sentido literal mesmo, projéctil de bala.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Não sei, mas acho que Mia Couto se embananou tanto. Bala no Brasil pode ser tanto projétil quanto confeito. Sei que há algumas regiões brasileiras onde não se diz bala, como em Pernambuco, se não estou enganado, onde se diz bombom, ainda que não seja de chocolate, o que, aliás, acontece também, por exemplo, em checo e alemão. &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-5000650787692464781?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/5000650787692464781/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=5000650787692464781' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5000650787692464781'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5000650787692464781'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/08/balinha.html' title='Balinha'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-7331796478725209481</id><published>2011-08-24T13:34:00.004-06:00</published><updated>2011-08-24T13:42:43.500-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Flesh</title><content type='html'>Há uma lavanderia aqui chamada &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Flesh&lt;/span&gt;. Imagino que a intenção deles fosse escrever &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;flash &lt;/span&gt;(raio) para dar ideia da rapidez com que ficam prontas as roupas que lhes são confiadas. A confusão deve ter originado do fato de &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;flesh &lt;/span&gt;ter um e, que em português pode ser fechado ou aberto, mas neste caso pronunciado muita provavelmente aberto. Este som aberto, representado ɛ no &lt;a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_fon%C3%A9tico_internacional"&gt;Alfabeto Fonético Internacional&lt;/a&gt;, para ouvidos brasileiros é muito parecido à vogal que se ouve em flash em inglês, que é æ. Diria até que muitos brasileiros nem ouvem a diferença ou então não são capazes de reproduzi-la, incluindo a grande maioria dos professores brasileiros de inglês. O engraçado é que &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;flesh &lt;/span&gt;em inglês não tem nada que ver com &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;raio &lt;/span&gt;ou &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;rapidez&lt;/span&gt;, mas significa &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;carne&lt;/span&gt;, a carne viva dos seres animados, não a que se põe na mesa, já preparada.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-7331796478725209481?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/7331796478725209481/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=7331796478725209481' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7331796478725209481'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7331796478725209481'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/08/flesh.html' title='Flesh'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-5670043398930519134</id><published>2011-08-21T12:07:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-08-21T13:27:33.089-06:00</updated><title type='text'>English: The Inescapable Language</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.american.com/archive/2011/august/english-the-inescapable-language/article_print"&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; article is so full of fallacies that I felt the urge to write about it:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;To hear a Spanish word is to know how to spell it and to see one is to know how to pronounce it.&lt;/span&gt; – Not 100% true. There are several issues regarding y/ll, s/z/c, v/b, j/g. Many people also have a hard time enforcing accent mark rules properly.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;There are no spelling bees in Spanish-speaking schools because there are no bad spellers among native speakers of the language.&lt;/span&gt; – Anybody who has ever peered into a Spanish-language chatroom will disprove this.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;In French there are three conjugations of verbs (the so-called -er, -ir, and -re verbs, after their infinitive endings)&lt;/span&gt;. – French is said to have four main conjugation paradigms. There are also oir type verbs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Portuguese has four (conjugations), Latin five, German two. – Portuguese has three conjugations.&lt;/span&gt; - Maybe the author was thinking of the only verb ending in or – pôr, to place, to put, but it falls into the second conjugation, since its thematic vowel is e and is derived from Latin ponere, also with an e. Latin has four conjugations: are,  long ere, short ere and ire. How did he arrive at two German conjugations? Unless one counts infinitives ending in consonant plus n, almost always rn or ln, as a separate conjugation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;All the irregular forms of all the irregular verbs in English can be listed on less than a page of a paperback dictionary. It takes 16 pages to do that with Spanish irregular verbs.&lt;/span&gt; – Who counted the pages? How many irregular verbs were included? All? I doubt anybody knows precisely how many English and Spanish irregular verbs there are.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;When a word is borrowed into English, we tend to maintain the spelling of the foreign word even as we adapt the pronunciation to the English sound structure. We borrowed two Greek words to coin photography and we still spell it in the Greek fashion.&lt;/span&gt;  – I don’t get this. Greek spells it the Greek way, using the Greek alphabet: φοτογραφία. We could say, though, that Greek φ gets transliterated with ph, also probably because Greek φ was thought be pronounced as a p followed by an h sound or as an aspirated p millennia ago. Moreover, if we would like to split hairs, the Spanish spelling is fotografía. Fotografia is Portuguese, Italian, Catalan, or Romanian (with embedded definite article), among other languages.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;The circumflex was then added to the preceding vowel to let the reader know the S used to be there, as if the reader cared. This is known as French logic. – Why should we have words like debt, phlegm and myriad others? English logic?&lt;br /&gt;The average speaker of English has a vocabulary with about half again as many words as the average speaker of, say, French or German.&lt;/span&gt; – I don’t know what this is saying, but if it implies that an English speaker’s vocabulary is twice as large as a French or German speaker, I only say humbug to it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;That’s why the thesaurus and the dictionary of synonyms are standard reference works in English but seldom found in other languages.&lt;/span&gt; – The author should have dug deeper and he would have found them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;This multiplicity of words even extends to prefixes. To negate an adjective, for instance, one uses un- (as in uninterested), dis- (dishonest), in- (inattentive), or a- (amoral).&lt;/span&gt; – Other languages do the same. In Portuguese in, a, and des are also negative prefixes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;The advantage of the huge vocabulary of English, of course, is that it makes English a superb literary and scientific language, able to express fine and precise shades of meaning far more easily than other tongues. This is no small part of the reason English has become the near universal language of science.&lt;/span&gt; – Right. Camões, Machado de Assis, Eça de Queirós, Rilke, Schilling, Čapek, Goethe, Balzac, Molière, Zola, Danti, Cervantes, Manzoni, Tolstoi, Dostoievski, etc., all wrote in English. And no, English is the near universal language of science because English-speaking countries are the richest and the ones that foment science the most. If the richest country of the world were Afghanistan, everybody would be striving to write in Eastern Farsi or Southern Pashto, the two official languages of the country. &lt;a href="http://fr.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100322235250AAJb2Pq"&gt;The French extol the virtues of their own language as far as precision is concerned.&lt;/a&gt; Now who's right?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;It also makes English more efficient. The English version of a lengthy text is always substantially shorter than versions in other languages.&lt;/span&gt; – The author has never seen Czech, Latin, Japanese and Chinese, just to name a few, renditions of an English text.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;But while English has a very large everyday vocabulary, it also has the maddening habit of using the same word to mean many different things. Fly, for instance, means an annoying insect, a part of a pair of trousers, a part of a theater, a means of locomotion, the outer edge of a flag, a type of hit in baseball, and a type of hook for catching fish. A flyer can be either one who flies or a printed advertisement that is handed out. A bill is everything from the jaws of a bird to an invoice to a piece of legislation under consideration to an advertisement that is posted on a wall, not handed out.&lt;/span&gt; – This is called polysemy. All languages have it. I myself have written about the many meanings of Portuguese cravo. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;English dominates the Internet.&lt;/span&gt; – If he calls dominate &lt;a href="http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats7.htm"&gt;less than 50%&lt;/a&gt;, I will have to agree with him.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So we native speakers of English have a great advantage. Learning English at our mothers’ knee is almost like being born able to do algebra.&lt;/span&gt; – Huh?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-5670043398930519134?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/5670043398930519134/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=5670043398930519134' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5670043398930519134'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5670043398930519134'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/08/english-inescapable-language.html' title='English: The Inescapable Language'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-1052936188403931358</id><published>2011-08-17T16:42:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-08-17T16:44:49.989-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Ao qual Flavia foi condenada a viver.</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0,,EMI257452-15230,00-A+VIDA+SUGADA+POR+UM+RALO+DE+PISCINA.html"&gt;Com minha luta tento compensar, se é que isso é possível, a dolorosa convivência com o silêncio ao qual Flavia foi condenada a viver.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O que há de estranho? Essa oração adjetiva iniciada por &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;ao qual&lt;/span&gt; estaria certa se a oração principal terminasse com &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;condenada&lt;/span&gt;, pois se é condenado a algo:&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt; a dolorosa convivência com o silêncio ao qual Flavia foi condenada&lt;/span&gt;. Como Flavia foi condenada a viver &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;com&lt;/span&gt; o silêncio, então teríamos &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;a dolorosa convivência com o silêncio com o qual Flavia foi condenada a viver&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-1052936188403931358?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/1052936188403931358/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=1052936188403931358' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/1052936188403931358'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/1052936188403931358'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/08/ao-qual-flavia-foi-condenada-viver.html' title='Ao qual Flavia foi condenada a viver.'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-7059007582183682874</id><published>2011-08-12T11:40:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-08-12T11:40:58.782-06:00</updated><title type='text'>O nome já diz tudo</title><content type='html'>Big Tasty - O nome já diz tudo. Não, o nome não diz nada para 90% dos brasileiros, que não sabem que &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;tasty &lt;/span&gt;significa &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;gostoso &lt;/span&gt;em inglês. &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-7059007582183682874?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/7059007582183682874/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=7059007582183682874' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7059007582183682874'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7059007582183682874'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/08/o-nome-ja-diz-tudo.html' title='O nome já diz tudo'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-3815580018113590374</id><published>2011-08-06T07:48:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-08-06T07:50:30.084-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Frigideira</title><content type='html'>Descobri o cognato da &lt;a href="http://buscon.rae.es/dpdI/SrvltConsulta?lema=sart%C3%A9n"&gt;sartén &lt;/a&gt;espanhola em português: &lt;a href="http://www.priberam.pt/dlpo/default.aspx?pal=sert%C3%A3"&gt;sertã&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-3815580018113590374?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/3815580018113590374/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=3815580018113590374' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3815580018113590374'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3815580018113590374'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/08/frigideira.html' title='Frigideira'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-37091358177340681</id><published>2011-08-04T07:18:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-08-04T07:26:15.510-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Sorvete de blueberry</title><content type='html'>É, parece que &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;mirtilo &lt;/span&gt;está perdendo para &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;blueberry &lt;/span&gt;mesmo, como já se indicou &lt;a href="http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0,,EMI225334-15230,00.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;. Está certo que a fruta não era conhecida até um tempo por aqui, refiro-me especificamente ao interior do Estado de São Paulo, é possível que o mesmo valha para o resto do Brasil, mas não poderiam dar-lhe o nome vernáculo? Uns dias atrás fui tomar um sorvete no McDonald's e vi que anunciavam sorvete de blueberry. Fiquei até com vontade de pedir um sorvete de mirtilo, mas estava com um pouco de pressa e teria de explicar à moça o que é o tal do mirtilo e ela com certeza me olharia com ar de superioridade, como se eu um fosse um jacuzão e sem pejo algum exclamaria: Ah, o de blueberry!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-37091358177340681?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/37091358177340681/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=37091358177340681' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/37091358177340681'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/37091358177340681'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/08/sorvete-de-blueberry.html' title='Sorvete de blueberry'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-3488468305231530396</id><published>2011-08-01T12:29:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-08-01T12:31:22.398-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Limpeza de sofa</title><content type='html'>Há uma lavanderia aqui que faz limpeza de sofá a seco onde antes se via &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Limpeza de sofá&lt;/span&gt; em um anúncio e a dez metros em outro anúncio &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Limpeza de sofa&lt;/span&gt;. Agora passei por lá e vi que alguém foi com uma tinta e tirou o acento do &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;sofá&lt;/span&gt;. Pelo menos ficou tudo igual. :)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-3488468305231530396?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/3488468305231530396/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=3488468305231530396' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3488468305231530396'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3488468305231530396'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/08/limpeza-de-sofa.html' title='Limpeza de sofa'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-8033985060778722872</id><published>2011-07-30T06:12:00.001-06:00</published><updated>2011-07-30T06:15:13.159-06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='irradiation'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='fukushima'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='children'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='japan'/><title type='text'>Concerns over Decontamination</title><content type='html'>An Unsworn Testimony on Health Influences of Radiation, given by witness Tatsuhiko Kodama (professor of Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, head of Radioisotope Center, of Tokyo University)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   given at Welfare and Labour Committee of the House of Commons that met on 2011-07-27 Wednesday (starting at 09:00)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   [Chairman: Next, Mr. Kodama. Please begin.]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   I am Kodama, the head of Radioisotope Center in Tokyo University. I was very surprised on March 15th.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Tokyo University has 27 radioisotope centers that are committed to radiation protection and decontamination. I myself am a doctor of internal medicine. I have been doing decontamination works at radiation facilities for the last few dacades.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   On March 15th, as this panel shows, we first detected a 5 μ Sievert dose around 9 AM in Tokai-mura Village, which we immediately reported to MEXT in compliance with the Article 10 (of &lt;a href="http://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/law/detail/?ft=1&amp;amp;re=02&amp;amp;dn=1&amp;amp;x=0&amp;amp;y=0&amp;amp;co=01&amp;amp;ky=%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E7%81%BD%E5%AE%B3%E5%AF%BE%E7%AD%96%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E6%8E%AA%E7%BD%AE%E6%B3%95&amp;amp;page=1"&gt;Act on Special Measures Concerning Nuclear Emergency Preparedness&lt;/a&gt;). Later, they detected a dosage over 0.5 μSv in Tokyo. Then there was a transient decrease. Next, there was a rainfall in Tokyo on March 22rd. Fallouts scored 0.2 μSv and so on. This was the cause of the high radiation that remains till today.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   At that time, Mr. Edano, the chief cabinet secretary, made a public announcement to the effect that it was not an immediate health problem, but I knew this was going to be disastrous.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   I'll state the reason. The current "Laws Concerning the Prevention from Radiation Hazards due to Radioisotopes and Others" pertain to disposing small amounts of radioactive matter with high dosage. The problem it deals with is not the gross amount but the density of individual doses. The current Fukushima I accident is very different. It discharged radioactivity as strong as 5 μSv in the 100-kilometre radius, 0.5 μSv in the 200-kilometre radius. Further than these areas, it has contaminated tea-leaves grown in Ashigara and Shizuoka. I expect everyone knows about these today.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Experts of radiation damage, myself included, are interested in the gross amount.Then if TEPCO and the Government have made a detailed report on the gross amount of radioactive material discharged in this Fukushima I incident? No.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Our Radioisotope Center have made calculations based on expertise. In terms of heat quantity, the discharge is as 29.6 times as large as that of Hiroshima Atom Bomb. In terms of uranium equivalence, the discharge is as large as 20 Hiroshima Bombs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Even horrifying still is the slowness of decrease. Today we know that radioactive discharge from power plants only gets to one tenth within a year while that from an atom bomb decreases to the one thousandth.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Everything should be based on the fact that this accident, like Chernobyl, has discharged radiation equalling to tens of bombs and the residual radiation is much worse than contamination by bombs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   From the viewpoint of systematic biology, an application of system theories, in case of small discharges, the density of individual contaminations matters most. In case of huge discharges, the key is particles. The proliferation of particles is dealt in a non-linear way, one of the most difficult calculations in fluid dynamics. Quite simply, nuclear fuels are like sand grains embedded in synthetic resin. When the reactor melts down and there is a discharge, a lot of fine grains are emitted.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   When they are emitted, they cause problems such as the current issue with rice straws. [Caesium-contaminated rice straws from Miyagi was fed to meat cows. Not all beef samples exceeded the legal 500 bq/Kg but some of the meat has been consumed. Contaminated straws were from very far places distant-wise. The contaminant was a rain cloud in March that travelled in the wind as southwards as Kanto and then to the north. This is the same cloud that made Iidate an extra evacuation zone.]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Contaminations found in rice straws are for instance, 57000 bq/Kg in Fujisawa-chō Town, Iwate, 17000 bq/Kg in Ōsaki, Miyagi, 106000 bq/Kg in Minami-Sōma, 97000 bq/Kg in Shirakawa-shi, 64000 bq/Kg in Iwate-shi. As theses figures tell, dosage levels cannot be mapped on concentric circles. Strength of dosage depends on the weather as well as if the material has absorbed water.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Every week I travel for 700 kilometres to Minami-Sōma with the Radioisotope Center team from Tokyo University. We have done decontamination works for seven times up to present. When we first got there, there was only one dosimeter available. Ministry of Agriculture say that they have passed on the notice not to feed rice straws to cattle on March 19th. On the same day, the mayor of Minami-Sōma made a well-known announcement on the Web, including a heart-felt request for food, water and petrol.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   While a crisis like this was unfolding, no one can be expected to read or know about the notice written on a piece of paper. No farmers knew that their rice straws are so dangerous. They, however, started buying feedstuff for extra few hundreds of thousand yen. On that day on, they have been giving the same groundwater that they themselves drink.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   The first thing we should do is to make a thorough measurement possible in contaminated areas. Like I said, Minami-Sōma had only one dosimeter when we first went there. But in fact they already had got 20 personal meters from the US military. They at the education committee in the city hall, however, couldn't read the English instruction manual. These 20 meters had not been used until we read them the document and showed how to use dosimeters. A glimpse of how things were there.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Food inspection has hitherto been discussed in this committee. Why use germanium counters? Nowadays, a lot of imaging-based measuring devices have been developed on semiconductors.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Why do the Government not make extensive application of them and invest money across the nation?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   There has not been no such attempts after three months, which I resent from the bottom of my heart.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   My second point is internal exposure.&lt;br /&gt;   Prime Minister Obuchi has appointed me as the head of antigen medicine development at Cabinet Office. This research field now gets 3 billion yen from Funding Program for the World-Leading Innovative R&amp;amp;D on Science and Technology. Radioactive isotopes are used to mark antigen drugs so we can check how they treat cancer. Otherwise said, my job is injecting isotope into human body. This is how internal exposure is the top-most priority in my researches.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   So, let me explain how internal exposure happens.&lt;br /&gt;   The biggest issue with internal exposure is cancer. Cancers are born from dissected DNAs. DNAs are usually put together in double helix, which is very stable. When a cell divides, the double helix separates into single helices, then doubles into 4 helices. The danger is in this process.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Radiation damage poses a tremendous danger for the foetus in a expecting mother, small children as well as for cells with active division in growing phase. Even in adults, actively dividing cells are dangerous; causing loss of hair, anaemia. Cells in intestinal epithelia are affected too. These are a few basics about radiation damage.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   I shall cite reported examples of internal exposure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Mutation on a single gene does not cause cancer.&lt;br /&gt;   After the first radiation hit, there is another factor, and then there is a cancerous mutation. These are called driver mutation or passenger mutation by experts. For them, please refer to the literature listed in the last pages. We will now look at examples of Chernobyl and caesium.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   The most famous cause is alpha particles. I was alerted by a Tokyo Univ. professor that he thinks it is okay to drink plutonium solution.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Alpha particles are one of the most dangerous matters.&lt;br /&gt;   Liver specialists like myself know this from liver damage by thorotrast.&lt;br /&gt;   This committee has been discussing internal exposure in a generic so and so mili Sievert but that's senseless.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   I-131 concentrates in the thyroid gland. Thorotrast concentrates in the liver. Caesium concentrates on the urinary tract epithelium and the bladder. Unless you look at these places of concentration, no whole-body scan is meaningless.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Details of Thorotrast can be found in the reference materials. Thorotrast is a contrast agent, first used in Germany in 1890 and in Japan around 1930. After 20 to 30 years of use, it was found to cause liver cancer by 25 to 30%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Cancers take 20 years to develop in this way. First, thorotrast, being an alpha radiation nuclide, damages adjacent cells with alpha particles. The likeliest victim is a gene called P53. According to genome science today, knowledge of exhaustive patterns of human genes, one human is different from another in about three million genes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Nowadays, it is totally meaningless to treat a patient on the assumption that all humans are the same.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Applying the so-called personal life medicine, internal exposure to radiation should be diagnosed basically by looking at which genes have been damaged with what effects.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Thorotrast, in the first step, destroyed P53 gene. Second and third mutations take 20 to 30 years. This is the proven steps for liver cancer and leukaemia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Next, iodine 131.&lt;br /&gt;   As you know, iodine concentrates in the thyroid gland. Concentration in the thyroid gland is most typical to the thyroid growth period, that is, for small children.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Despite this, when researchers in Ukraine first reported a frequent occurrence of thyroid cancer in 1991, some researchers in Japan and USA criticised the report on Nature. Their ground for reasoning was that the report was not statistically significant due to the absence of data prior to 1986.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Like Professor Nagataki mentioned just now, statistical significance was proven 20 years later. After 20 years, disappearance of the peak started in 1986 was taken as the evidence despite the absence of previous data. Proving something epidemically is very difficult; it usually takes until all cases are over.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Saving children, which is the perspective now incumbent upon us, requires a very different approach. An example of this approach is by Doctor Shōji Fukushima at the national Japan Bioassay Research Center. This is a research institute for analysing effects of chemical compounds. He has been studying samples found in urinary system from Chernobyl. Fukushima and Ukraininan doctors collected over 500 bladders taken out while operating on enlarged prostates. They have found that high-level contamination zones, where radiation can be found in urines however small around 6 bq/L, have steep rise of mutations in P53. This is accompanied by proliferative precarcinomatous state, inferred from activation of P38, an MAP kinase and a signal called NF-κB. This necessarily leads of proliferative bladder infection. High probability of intraepithelial cancer is also reported.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   With this, I have been appalled to hear the report of radiation between 2 and 13 Becquerels found in milk from seven Fukushima mothers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Please turn to the next page.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   We at Radioisotope Center sends four personnels every week, travelling 700 kilometres to help Minami-Sōma city decontaminate. For problems in Minami-Sōma as elsewhere, telling 20-kilometre radius from 30-kilometre radius does not make sense at all. Unless we measure different parts of each kindergarten, everything is meaningless. Presently, they hire buses to send 1700 Minami-Sōma children from the 20km-zone to the 30km-zone. In fact, Minami-Sōma's radiation concentrates on the cost line. Dosage is relatively low at about 70% of schools.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Despite this, they send school buses into the 30km-zone, and this is closer to Iidate. They spend one million yen per day to forcibly send children there. This must be stopped as soon as possible.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   The single biggest obstacle for children's safety is the policy of not compensating losses for evacuation other than by forced evacuation; such was the statement by TEPCO'S then-president Mr. Shimizu and Mr. Kaieda, the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry at the previous committee in the Upper House. Still, they must be discussed separately.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Please set problems of compensation, or where to limit compensation, apart from the issue with children.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   I beg you to apply all of your strength to protect children.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Another request.&lt;br /&gt;   Please devise plans for permanent decontamination, not just impromptu one.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   We do impromptu decontamination on a frequent basis. This diagram lists "under the slide." Little children touch the place under the slide. Despite this, every time rain water flows down on the slide, it gets condensed dosage. If the two sides of the slide are uneven, one slide gets them all. In a place where the average dosage is 1 μ, 10 μ or above can be detected under the slide. Places like this can use immediate, impromptu decontamination a lot.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Children also touch places under the drip moulding, where various moss species grow. Using pressure washer to blow mosss growths off, the dosage drops from 2 μ to 0.5 μ.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Still, getting radiation below the 0.5 μ level is very difficult.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   If the whole building or the whole tree growth or the whole community is contaminated, washing radiation down in one place does not really contribute to lowering the air dose rate of a area. I draw on the case of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itai-itai_disease"&gt;itai-itai disease&lt;/a&gt; (softening of bones and kidney failure in Toyama Prefecture identified as cadmium poisoning in the 1950s) for tasks and costs of serious decontamination works. Cadmium-contaminated area is about 3000 hectares, out of which 1500 hectares have been decontaminated so far for 800 billion yen, at government expense. If the current contamination is spread to 1000 times as large areas, I cannot even begin to contemplate how much the Government should spend.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Having said all this, I should like to make four urgent proposals.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   First, radiological exams needs a fundamental improvement with Japan's most advanced imaging devices. Imaging is now very easy with semiconductor instruments. With advanced imaging machines, exams will be a quick automatic process. Please commit to this as a national policy. This is well within the scientific, technological means of Japan today.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Second, immediately pass a new law to reduce exposure of children.&lt;br /&gt;   Everything that I do now is against the law.&lt;br /&gt;   The current Prevention from Radiation Hazards Law decrees facilities need authorisation for dosage levels and types of nuclides. I am mobilising all 27 isotope centers at TU to help Minami-Sōma, but many facilities haven't got authorisation to handle caesium. It's against the law to use cars to transport radioactive materials. Still, I cannot give high-dose decontamination waste to those mothers and teachers and let them dispose of it, so we pack it in drums and bring them back to TU.&lt;br /&gt;   Accepting them into our facilities is against the law.&lt;br /&gt;   Everything is against the law.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   The Parliament is responsible for this negligence. Many facilities all over Japan, such as radioisotope centers in national universities, are equipped with the most advance devices such as germanium detectors. Why are they tied hand and foot while we have to mobilize the full potential of the people to protect children?&lt;br /&gt;   The Parliament has been completely negligent in its duties.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Third, please make it a national policy to bring together the expertise in the private sector for soil decontamination. They have a lot of know-how for radiation removal; chemical manufacturers such as TORAY and Kurita, manufacturers of radiation removal devices such as Chiyoda Technol and ATOX, as well as Takenaka the construction company. Please make use of their power to make a research center for decontamination in Fukushima.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   This is going to cost tens of trillion yen from the national treasure. I am worried that, if this goes on, the work is reduced to just another public work projects, marred with right hunting.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Considering the tough fiscal situation, you cannot afford that even for one moment. You should be thinking how to do the real work of decontamination. What have you been doing in the Parliament while 70 thousand people are driving out of their homes?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   [I haven't gotten around to translate what Prof. Kodama said in the following Q&amp;amp;A session.]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Kodama was invited to speak before the committee by MP Tomoko Abe (Social Democratic Party).&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-8033985060778722872?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/8033985060778722872/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=8033985060778722872' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8033985060778722872'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8033985060778722872'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/07/concerns-over-decontamination.html' title='Concerns over Decontamination'/><author><name>Sparnai</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01715184301962818106</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-679666301572615080</id><published>2011-07-29T05:55:00.007-06:00</published><updated>2011-07-29T06:05:30.205-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Apenasmente</title><content type='html'>Ouvi pela primeira vez na vida a palavra &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;apenasmente &lt;/span&gt;nesta &lt;a href="http://programadojo.globo.com/videos/v/diplomata-alexandre-vidal-porto-fala-sobre-a-parada-gay/1563135/#/Entrevistas/page/3"&gt;entrevista &lt;/a&gt;do Programa do Jô. &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Apenasmente &lt;/span&gt;é um pouco estranho e redundante, já que &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;apenas &lt;/span&gt;já é advérbio. Ter-se-á formado por analogia com outros advérbios em mente, principalmente &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;somente&lt;/span&gt;, que se pode considerar sinônimo. Mas não é só isso que me surpreende, mas também uma declaração do &lt;a href="http://ciberduvidas.pt/pergunta.php?id=3262"&gt;Ciberdúvidas &lt;/a&gt;de que &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;apenasmente &lt;/span&gt;não se diz em Portugal. Como é possível sabê-lo? O consultor já falou com mais de dez milhões de pessoas para saber se isto ou aquilo se diz ou não? Eu não ousaria fazer uma declaração assim nem com relação à minha cidade, que tem umas 130 000 pessoas. Mas pelo menos o que se lê no Ciberdúvidas apresenta um ano, 1998, o que significa que o &lt;a href="http://buscon.rae.es/draeI/SrvltConsulta?TIPO_BUS=3&amp;LEMA=aun"&gt;palabro&lt;/a&gt;, como dizem os espanhóis, não é tão novo assim. O engraçado é que &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;apenasmente&lt;/span&gt; me parece coisa de quem quer falar bonito, mas infelizmente não consegue.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-679666301572615080?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/679666301572615080/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=679666301572615080' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/679666301572615080'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/679666301572615080'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/07/apenasmente.html' title='Apenasmente'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-5851670001292359225</id><published>2011-07-27T04:52:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-07-27T05:07:35.279-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Para inauguração</title><content type='html'>Faixa na frente dum templo da Assembleia de Deus: Convidamos a todos para inauguração desta casa de oração. Fiquei pensando no porquê da omissão do artigo depois da preposição &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;para&lt;/span&gt;. É possível que &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;para&lt;/span&gt;, por já terminar em &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;, tenha sido interpretado como algo que já tem o artigo feminino embutido, já que na fala, quando uma palavra termina com &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt; e a outra começa com &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;, é comum pronunciar apenas um &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;. Ou trata-se simplesmente do uso da preposição sem artigo? Pondo uma palavra masculina no lugar, teríamos &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Convidamos a todos para encerramento desta casa de oração&lt;/span&gt;. Não sei, para mim falta o artigo aí por se tratar de termo determinado por &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;desta casa de oração&lt;/span&gt;. Ou então parece manchete de jornal ou linguagem telegráfica, pelo menos para mim.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;É uma pena que a igreja, reformada recentemente, mantenha a grafia Assembléia de Deus - em vez de Assembleia de Deus - que deixará de ser correta findo o período de transição para a implantação do Acordo Ortográfico em 1 de janeiro de 2013.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-5851670001292359225?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/5851670001292359225/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=5851670001292359225' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5851670001292359225'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5851670001292359225'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/07/para-inauguracao.html' title='Para inauguração'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-8786851215357975252</id><published>2011-07-25T07:24:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-07-25T07:32:01.753-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Desentupidor de pia</title><content type='html'>É interessante ver como diferentes línguas nomeiam o mesmo instrumento com base em pontos de vista distintos. Algumas se baseiam na forma, como é o caso de zvon (sino) em checo. Outras se prendem à função que desempenha, como em português, em italiano (sturalavandino, de sturare, desentupir, mais lavandino, pia, derivado de lavare, lavar) e em espanhol (desatascador, destupidor, mas há &lt;a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopapa"&gt;vários nomes&lt;/a&gt;) e outras incluem na mesma palavra a função e a forma, como Saugglocke em alemão, de saugen, chupar, mais Glocke, sino, cognato de clock em inglês, relógio. O &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;plunger&lt;/span&gt; inglês é meio vago, já que &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;plunge&lt;/span&gt;, o verbo, significa mergulhar, afundar, portanto &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;plunger &lt;/span&gt;é algo que mergulha, afunda.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-8786851215357975252?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/8786851215357975252/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=8786851215357975252' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8786851215357975252'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8786851215357975252'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/07/desentupidor-de-pia.html' title='Desentupidor de pia'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-7971947208329016358</id><published>2011-07-23T13:54:00.004-06:00</published><updated>2011-07-23T14:01:27.954-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Rosticeria</title><content type='html'>Acabei de ver &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;rosticeria&lt;/span&gt;, mas também já vi por aqui &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;rosticceria &lt;/span&gt;e &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;rôtisserie&lt;/span&gt;. Como ficamos? Em italiano é &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;rosticceria &lt;/span&gt;(dois cc) e em francês, rôtisserie. &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Rosticeria &lt;/span&gt;é por não conhecer a forma correta em italiano ou por querer aportuguesar a palavra. Acontece que a palavra já aparece aportuguesada em 1935, segundo o dicionário Houaiss, sob a forma rotisseria. Seria interessante saber como as pessoas que trabalham nas rosticerias ou rosticcerias daqui pronunciam esse c, como tch ou como ss.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-7971947208329016358?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/7971947208329016358/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=7971947208329016358' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7971947208329016358'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7971947208329016358'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/07/rosticeria.html' title='Rosticeria'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-2714182317090608023</id><published>2011-07-21T03:59:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-07-21T04:09:16.986-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Puro-sangue</title><content type='html'>É interessante como as diferentes línguas neolatinas tratam o plural da palavra puro-sangue, pelo menos normativamente. Em português, tem tanto o adjetivo quanto o substantivo pluralizados: o puro-sangue, os puros-sangues. Em espanhol, apenas o segundo elemento é variável: el purasangre, los purasangres, notando que a concordância é &lt;a href="http://aulete.uol.com.br/site.php?mdl=aulete_digital&amp;op=loadVerbete&amp;pesquisa=1&amp;palavra=silepse"&gt;siléptica&lt;/a&gt;, com o substantivo caballo, já que sangre em espanhol é feminino (la sangre). Em italiano e em francês, o composto é invariável: il/i purosangue, le/les pur-sang. Em romeno, pelo que pude apurar na Internet, usa-se muito mais como adjetivo, também invariável, qualificando cal (cavalo): pursânge.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-2714182317090608023?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/2714182317090608023/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=2714182317090608023' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2714182317090608023'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2714182317090608023'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/07/puro-sangue.html' title='Puro-sangue'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-1403302299613041926</id><published>2011-07-19T15:15:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-07-19T15:52:16.659-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Superbem</title><content type='html'>Existe por aqui um programa regional chamado Superbem. Teoricamente deveria grafar-se Superbém, por o prefixo super se aglutinar à palavra seguinte, a menos que esta comece com h, e por o todo constituir uma palavra oxítona terminada em ém, a par de também, porém, amém, etc. No entanto, pergunto-me se aí ainda se trata do prefixo super. Tenho minhas dúvidas. Parece que super já adquiriu vida própria como advérbio de intensidade, com significado semelhante ao de muito, extremamente, demasiado, etc., e, por ser paroxítono, passaria a escrever-se súper, daí que o programa passaria a ser grafado Súper Bem.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-1403302299613041926?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/1403302299613041926/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=1403302299613041926' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/1403302299613041926'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/1403302299613041926'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/07/superbem.html' title='Superbem'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-7156349785801055831</id><published>2011-07-17T05:14:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-07-17T05:22:41.618-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Ranzinzas</title><content type='html'>Outra do livro mencionado abaixo:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;No entanto, qualquer levantamento mostra o contrário: construções do tipo de &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;os relógio&lt;/span&gt; são amplamente utilizados pela totalidade da população, incluindo os "cultos" (&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;está bem, vamos excetuar alguns ranzinzas amigos do &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;lhe&lt;/span&gt; e do &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;lho&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;). Duvidam? Pois gravem uma conversa entre interlocutores de nível universitário, e depois vejam se pelo menos 50% dos sintagmas no plural não são marcados apenas no primeiro elemento.&lt;/span&gt; (Grifo meu.) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Será que em 1997, quando foi escrito este livro, já não se alastrara o lheísmo de que já escrevi algumas vezes neste mesmo espaço? Será que todos os lheístas são ranzinzas? Concordo que &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;lho&lt;/span&gt; não se ouve (por enquanto, mas pode voltar), mas o &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;lhe&lt;/span&gt;?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-7156349785801055831?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/7156349785801055831/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=7156349785801055831' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7156349785801055831'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7156349785801055831'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/07/ranzinzas.html' title='Ranzinzas'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-982295193978011059</id><published>2011-07-15T06:27:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-07-15T06:39:46.054-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Tumate</title><content type='html'>Do livro Sofrendo a Gramática, de Mário A. Perini:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Vamos começar com um caso bem simples, que tem a ver com a relação entre a ortografia e a pronúncia: a primeira vogal da palavra tomate, na pronúncia, é u. Isso não é característica da "pronúncia inculta", &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;mas da fala de todas as pessoas, de qualquer classe social ou nível de escolarização&lt;/span&gt;. Se você não acredita, vá ao mercado ou ao sacolão e fique de tocaia junto a uma banca de legumes: quantas pessoas perguntam o preço do "tumate" e quanto as do "tomate"? Você rapidamente se convencerá de que a pronúncia normal é com u. No entanto, muita gente nega isso. Alguns professores de português (que deveriam estar bem informados a respeito) insistem comigo que a pronúncia é com "o".&lt;/span&gt; (Grifo meu.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sei o que ele quis dizer, e tem razão, mas o exemplo que colheu foi muito infeliz. Isto não faz sentido nenhum aqui. Não conheço nenhum paulista que diga tumate. Pode ser que haja, eu não conheço, mas dizer que a pronúncia &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;de todos&lt;/span&gt; é essa é um tremendo exagero. Sempre associei essa pronúncia ao Rio de Janeiro e a Minas Gerais. Isso é corroborado pelo que encontrei na Internet, que o autor é mineiro. O que ele disse a respeito dos professores de português bem se aplica a ele próprio. Ele deveria ter-se informado melhor. É sempre muito problemático fazer afirmações tão genéricas e categóricas num país continental como o Brasil.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-982295193978011059?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/982295193978011059/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=982295193978011059' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/982295193978011059'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/982295193978011059'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/07/tumate.html' title='Tumate'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-5629114636927650640</id><published>2011-07-11T18:42:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-07-11T18:44:43.776-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Crosier</title><content type='html'>Who said films are good for nothing? I learned an interesting word while watching a movie about the Knights Templar. The word is &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosier"&gt;crosier&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-5629114636927650640?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/5629114636927650640/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=5629114636927650640' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5629114636927650640'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5629114636927650640'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/07/crosier.html' title='Crosier'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-3166215179305607805</id><published>2011-07-09T10:47:00.000-06:00</published><updated>2011-07-09T10:48:02.856-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Japanese Holidays Function for MySQL</title><content type='html'>https://docs.google.com/document/d/1xIVNC0b5taePfHe5hJRN_1kRtyvJfWdsgq6ZhOT-Ris/edit?hl=en_US&amp;amp;pli=1&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-3166215179305607805?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/3166215179305607805/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=3166215179305607805' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3166215179305607805'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3166215179305607805'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/07/japanese-holidays-function-for-mysql.html' title='Japanese Holidays Function for MySQL'/><author><name>Sparnai</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01715184301962818106</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-4603259913726524166</id><published>2011-07-09T04:50:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-07-09T04:56:04.909-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Caso encontrá-lo</title><content type='html'>Vi num poste o anúncio de alguém que perdera o cachorro e dizia &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Caso encontrá-lo, entre em contato com...&lt;/span&gt; Caso encontrá-lo? &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Caso &lt;/span&gt;usa-se com o subjuntivo: caso o encontre. Talvez esse infinitivo se possa explicar por contaminação com a conjunção &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;se (acaso)&lt;/span&gt;: se (acaso) o encontrar, que vários brasileiros dizem &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;se (acaso) encontrá-lo&lt;/span&gt;, mas o mais adequado seria o pronome antes do verbo por &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;se &lt;/span&gt;ser conjunção subordinativa, e como tal, atrair o pronome átono. O advérbio &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;acaso&lt;/span&gt; muitas vezes sofre &lt;a href="http://aulete.uol.com.br/site.php?mdl=aulete_digital&amp;op=loadVerbete&amp;pesquisa=1&amp;palavra=af%E9rese"&gt;aférese&lt;/a&gt;, o que também contribui para a confusão.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-4603259913726524166?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/4603259913726524166/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=4603259913726524166' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/4603259913726524166'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/4603259913726524166'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/07/caso-encontra-lo.html' title='Caso encontrá-lo'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-4181391607451306568</id><published>2011-07-06T15:15:00.005-06:00</published><updated>2011-07-07T05:05:38.745-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Active verbs with passive meaning in Czech and Portuguese</title><content type='html'>Czech active verbs can be interpreted many times, as when a wife says to her husband that she &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;potřebuje poškrábat&lt;/span&gt; (needs to scratch, but actually meaning needs a scratch). In informal Brazilian Portuguese there is a similar phenomenon: some active verbs, depending on context, can have a passive meaning: A minha filha não vacinou ainda. (My daughter has not vaccinated yet, meaning My daughter has not been vaccinated yet or My daughter has not had her shots yet). An interesting example is the everyday colloquialism A camisa está lavando (The shirt is washing, actually meaning The shirt will be washed/ironed soon or The shirt is in the laundry).&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-4181391607451306568?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/4181391607451306568/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=4181391607451306568' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/4181391607451306568'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/4181391607451306568'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/07/active-verbs-with-passive-meaning-in.html' title='Active verbs with passive meaning in Czech and Portuguese'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-3588665799125685960</id><published>2011-07-04T06:02:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-07-04T06:04:43.684-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Quando minhas criança era pequeno</title><content type='html'>Aparentemente há dois erros de concordância na frase: verbal e nominal, mas não é disso que quero falar. A pessoa que proferiu a frase tem três filhos homens e talvez por isso tenha optado pelo gênero masculino, que, apesar de não concordar gramaticalmente com criança, concorda logicamente com o sexo da prole.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-3588665799125685960?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/3588665799125685960/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=3588665799125685960' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3588665799125685960'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3588665799125685960'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/07/quando-minhas-crianca-era-pequeno.html' title='Quando minhas criança era pequeno'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-5057641361278181650</id><published>2011-07-01T05:43:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-07-01T05:49:58.096-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Joia de fantasia</title><content type='html'>Outra pérola do livro recentemente mencionado:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ostentava na blusa uma ostentosa joia de fantasia, como as que a gente compra na Rue Rivoli.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No original aparece jóia, mas já passei para a nova ortografia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Joia de fantasia? Pois é. Tradução literal do inglês &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;costume jewelry&lt;/span&gt; (grafia americana)/&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;jewellery&lt;/span&gt; (grafia britânica), a nossa famosa bijuteria, que se vê muitas vezes grafada por aí bijouteria, que, coitada, não é nem francesa nem portuguesa. Em francês é bijouterie.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-5057641361278181650?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/5057641361278181650/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=5057641361278181650' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5057641361278181650'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5057641361278181650'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/07/joia-de-fantasia.html' title='Joia de fantasia'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-5762913042238585372</id><published>2011-06-26T06:51:00.004-06:00</published><updated>2011-06-26T06:58:26.930-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Chupando com uma palhinha</title><content type='html'>Estou lendo &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;O Fio da Navalha&lt;/span&gt;, "The Razor's Edge",  de W. Somerset Maugham, traduzido por Lígia Junqueira Smith. O livro está bem traduzido na maior parte das vezes, mas quando está mal traduzido, está mal traduzido mesmo. Vejam isto:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Acendi um cigarro e esperei, observando Isabel que, com aparente satisfação, chupava o seu refresco por meio de uma longa palhinha.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Por meio de uma longa palhinha? Se eu não soubesse inglês, acho que não teria entendido o excerto. Apareceu &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(little) straw&lt;/span&gt; no original, que de fato é palha, mas aqui é nada mais nada menos do que o nosso famoso &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;canudinho&lt;/span&gt;. Como uma palavra tão simples pôde ter confundido a tradutora?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-5762913042238585372?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/5762913042238585372/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=5762913042238585372' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5762913042238585372'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5762913042238585372'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/06/bebendo-com-uma-palhinha.html' title='Chupando com uma palhinha'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-8584369312171538412</id><published>2011-06-24T14:34:00.006-06:00</published><updated>2011-06-24T14:52:12.216-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Corredor, corretor, corrector</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Corredor &lt;/span&gt;em português pode ser uma parte de um edifício, uma pessoa que corre ou alguém que corrige; já em espanhol &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;corredor &lt;/span&gt;é tanto a pessoa que corre quanto um corretor (de imóveis, por exemplo). Antes do Acordo Ortográfico em Portugal escrevia-se corretor (de imóveis) e corrector (de texto), distinção que se perde com o Acordo. Parece que há uma diferença de pronúncia nesse país: &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;corretor &lt;/span&gt;tem um e bem fraquinho e &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;corrector &lt;/span&gt;tem o e aberto. Em  alemão &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Läufer&lt;/span&gt;, do verbo &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;laufen &lt;/span&gt;(andar, correr), pode ser tanto alguém que corre quanto &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;passadeira&lt;/span&gt;, tapete estreito que se estende em corredores :) e escadas. &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Läufer &lt;/span&gt;também significa bispo, mas só o do xadrez.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-8584369312171538412?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/8584369312171538412/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=8584369312171538412' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8584369312171538412'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8584369312171538412'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/06/corredor-corretor-corrector.html' title='Corredor, corretor, corrector'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-4472323226047439372</id><published>2011-06-21T15:21:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-06-21T15:25:46.405-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Já visto</title><content type='html'>É um interessante que um livro de 1913, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;A confissão de Lúcio&lt;/span&gt;, traga a forma &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;já visto&lt;/span&gt; enquanto nós, modernos, às vezes fazemos uso de &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;déjà vu&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Enfim, para me entender melhor: esta sensação é semelhante, ainda que de sentido contrário, a uma outra em que provavelmente ouviu falar (que talvez mesmo conheça), a do &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;já visto&lt;/span&gt;. Nunca lhe sucedeu ter visitado pela primeira vez uma terra, um cenário, e, numa reminiscência longínqua, vaga, perturbante, chegar-lhe a lembrança de que, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;não sabe quando nem onde&lt;/span&gt;, já esteve naquela terra, já contemplou aquele cenário?...&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-4472323226047439372?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/4472323226047439372/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=4472323226047439372' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/4472323226047439372'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/4472323226047439372'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/06/ja-visto.html' title='Já visto'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-5709415129551252254</id><published>2011-06-10T08:25:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-06-10T08:28:00.252-06:00</updated><title type='text'>She</title><content type='html'>From &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Blooming English&lt;/span&gt;, by Kate Burridge:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Via ordinary sound change, Old English hē 'he' and hēo 'she' would have collapsed into one form. We would therefore have had one pronoun meaning both 'he' and 'she'. The arrival of she overcame this ambiguity. But where did it come from?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I wonder if Dutch zij/ze or German sie had anything to with it.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-5709415129551252254?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/5709415129551252254/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=5709415129551252254' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5709415129551252254'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5709415129551252254'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/06/she.html' title='She'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-3504678666495537423</id><published>2011-06-01T12:42:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-06-01T13:23:52.227-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Bem-fazer, benfazer e outras reclamações</title><content type='html'>Vale a pena ler isto primeiro: http://ciberduvidas.pt/pergunta.php?id=29634&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sei da existência disto: &lt;a href="http://www.portaldalinguaportuguesa.org/index.php?action=acordo&amp;version=1990"&gt;Emprega-se o hífen nos compostos com os advérbios bem e mal, quando estes formam com o elemento que se lhes segue uma unidade sintagmática e semântica e tal elemento começa por vogal ou h. &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;No entanto, o advérbio bem, ao contrário de mal, pode não se aglutinar com palavras começadas por consoante.&lt;/span&gt; Eis alguns exemplos das várias situações: bem-aventurado, bem-estar, bem-humorado; mal-afortunado, mal-estar, mal-humorado; bem-criado (cf. malcriado), bem-ditoso (cf. malditoso), bem-falante (cf. malfalante), bem-mandado (cf. malmandado), bem-nascido (cf. malnascido), bem-soante (cf. malsoante), bem-visto (cf. malvisto). &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Não vejo lógica nenhuma em escrever benfazejo mas bem-fazer. Ademais, se existe o verbo bendizer, por que bem-fazer? É possível que se aceite bem-fazer por existir o substantivo bem-fazer, mas normalmente o que acontece é o contrário, é verbo que é possível usar como substantivo (o caminhar faz bem), fenômeno conhecido como &lt;a href="http://www.soportugues.com.br/secoes/morf/morf5.php"&gt;derivação imprópria&lt;/a&gt;. Menos mal que benfazer também é registrado em alguns dicionários, mas deveria aparecer em todos e deveria dar-se prioridade a ele. Outra doidice é escrever bem-querer mas benquerença. Que bagunça é essa? Por que criar tantas exceções se o intuito é pôr ordem no caos? Eu sou a favor da simplificação total. Usando os exemplos acima, proporia: bencriado, benditoso, benfalante, bensoante, benvisto. Bem-mandado e bem-nascido teriam de continuar assim por não haver dois mm e mn com o primeiro elemento com som nasal. Em Portugal existem &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;comummente &lt;/span&gt;e &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;amnistia&lt;/span&gt;, no Brasil grafadas &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;comumente &lt;/span&gt;e &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;anistia&lt;/span&gt;. Também poderia passar-se a escrever benvindo (Benvindo ao Brasil), coisa que aliás muita gente (erroneamente) já faz. Não me convence o argumento de que Benvindo é nome próprio e que assim se distingue da locução adjetiva bem-vindo. Não são poucos os casos de polissemia na língua. As nossas línguas irmãs não têm pejo nenhum em escrever bienvenido (espanhol), benvenuto (italiano), benvingut (catalão), bienvenue (francês), binevenit (romeno), etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Outra coisa completamente doida é escrever para-brisa e para-choque, mas paraquedas ("Certos compostos, em relação aos quais se perdeu, em certa medida, a noção de composição, grafam-se aglutinadamente: girassol, madressilva, mandachuva, pontapé, paraquedas, paraquedista, etc."). Não sei se todo mundo, mas eu noto o verbo parar tanto em para-brisa quanto em para-choque (antes do Acordo: pára-brisa e pára-choque), mas também em paraquedas (antes do Acordo: pára-quedas). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Que fique bem claro que não estou dizendo que se deva escrever da forma como eu proponho. Nem eu me atreveria a escrever assim. Estou simplesmente apontando algumas falhas da ortografia oficial.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-3504678666495537423?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/3504678666495537423/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=3504678666495537423' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3504678666495537423'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3504678666495537423'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/06/bem-fazer-benfazer-e-outras-reclamacoes.html' title='Bem-fazer, benfazer e outras reclamações'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-4568674008318398149</id><published>2011-05-30T03:28:00.004-06:00</published><updated>2011-05-30T03:53:46.048-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Infantojuvenil</title><content type='html'>Sei que é oficial e não vou ser do contra, mas infantojuvenil parece-me um disparate. Vejam também este &lt;a href="http://ciberduvidas.pt/pergunta.php?id=28788"&gt;artigo&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"No caso de infanto, lembremos que existe autonomamente a palavra infanta, mas que o seu masculino é infante. Infanto é o antepositivo infant- com a vogal de ligação o, portanto, elemento não autónomo." - Geralmente, a vogal de ligação o usa-se para elementos de origem grega, o que não é o caso de infanto. Para termos de origem latina, usa-se e (terremoto) ou i (floricultor). Além disso, infanto não é nem prefixo, falso prefixo nem elementos não autônomo. Para mim, trata-se nada mais, nada menos da abreviação do adjetivo infantil, para evitar a combinação estranha infantil-juvenil, duas palavras terminadas em il, da mesma forma que se diz terça-feira, e não terceira-feira, pela combinação nada melíflua. O fato de terceira ser tertia em latim também deve ter contribuído para o assentamento dessa forma. A abreviação de que falei acima muitas vezes afeta o primeiro dos gentílicos numa composição, como brasilo (de brasileiro), em brasilo-paraguaio, franco (de francês) em franco-suíço, etc. Portanto, o mais acertado seria infanto-juvenil, corroborado por esta regra: 1  Emprega-se o hífen nas palavras compostas por justaposição que não contêm formas de ligação e cujos elementos, de natureza nominal, adjetival, numeral ou verbal, constituem uma unidade sintagmática e semântica e mantêm acento próprio, podendo dar-se o caso de o primeiro elemento estar reduzido: ano-luz, arcebispo-bispo, arco-íris, decreto-lei, és-sueste, médico-cirurgião, rainha-cláudia, tenente-coronel, tio-avô, turma-piloto; alcaide-mor, amor-perfeito, guarda-noturno, mato-grossense, norte-americano, porto-alegrense, sul-africano; afro-asiático, afro-luso-brasileiro, azul-escuro, luso-brasileiro, primeiro-ministro, primeiro-sargento, primo-infeção, segunda-feira; conta-gotas, finca-pé, guarda-chuva, como já era antes do Acordo Ortográfico, mas agora já é tarde demais para reclamar.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-4568674008318398149?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/4568674008318398149/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=4568674008318398149' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/4568674008318398149'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/4568674008318398149'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/05/infantojuvenil.html' title='Infantojuvenil'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-7859295259626657668</id><published>2011-05-27T09:57:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-05-27T10:02:58.132-06:00</updated><title type='text'>More bad luck</title><content type='html'>Czech and Slovak took German Pech, pitch, also meaning bad luck, translated it literally into smůla and smola, respectively, and that is why smůla/smola, besides meaning pitch, resin, can also mean bad luck. This is a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calque"&gt;calque&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-7859295259626657668?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/7859295259626657668/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=7859295259626657668' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7859295259626657668'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7859295259626657668'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/05/more-bad-luck.html' title='More bad luck'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-3784402353933855629</id><published>2011-05-24T15:01:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-05-24T15:04:27.147-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Pech</title><content type='html'>Funny how some words are just borrowed by a lot of nations. German Pech (bad luck) is used in Polish, Czech, Slovak, and Hungarian, and who knows where else. Does it mean that these peoples didn't have a concept for it before they encountered the Germans or are the Germans notorious for their bad luck?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-3784402353933855629?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/3784402353933855629/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=3784402353933855629' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3784402353933855629'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3784402353933855629'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/05/pech.html' title='Pech'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-7526693428340496915</id><published>2011-05-22T11:21:00.004-06:00</published><updated>2011-05-22T11:37:06.188-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Laďoveho</title><content type='html'>Today I heard Laďoveho, as in Viděl sem Laďoveho syna. (I have seen Láďa's son.), declined as a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_declension#Hard_declension"&gt;regular adjective&lt;/a&gt;, for the first time. Possessive adjectives follow another declension pattern in standard language: Viděl jsem Láďova syna. Also note short vowels in Laďoveho, a characteristic of this northeastern dialect, which is not very fond of long vowels. Laďoveho reminds me of standard Slovak declension Láďovho. Standard Slovak is more regular than standard Czech in several aspects.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-7526693428340496915?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/7526693428340496915/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=7526693428340496915' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7526693428340496915'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7526693428340496915'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/05/ladoveho.html' title='Laďoveho'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-5382616181099704126</id><published>2011-05-19T02:42:00.005-06:00</published><updated>2011-05-19T09:50:43.702-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Os livro ilustrado</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/saber/915795-livro-distribuido-pelo-mec-defende-errar-concordancia.shtml"&gt;Os livro ilustrado mais interessante estão emprestado. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Na verdade, está tudo errado. O correto é &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Os livro ilustrado mais interessante tá emprestado.&lt;/span&gt; :)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mas falando sério, que frase boba essa. Não poderiam provocar celeuma com uma frase mais interessante?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-5382616181099704126?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/5382616181099704126/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=5382616181099704126' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5382616181099704126'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5382616181099704126'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/05/os-livro-ilustrado.html' title='Os livro ilustrado'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-4405578426444671897</id><published>2011-05-16T13:37:00.001-06:00</published><updated>2011-05-16T13:38:57.474-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Xamate</title><content type='html'>Aprendi hoje que &lt;a href="http://www.priberam.pt/dlpo/default.aspx?pal=xamate"&gt;xamate &lt;/a&gt;é o mesmo que xeque-mate. Xamate soa quase como chá-mate.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-4405578426444671897?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/4405578426444671897/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=4405578426444671897' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/4405578426444671897'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/4405578426444671897'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/05/xamate.html' title='Xamate'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-3436645675363510200</id><published>2011-05-14T12:13:00.005-06:00</published><updated>2011-05-14T13:17:23.546-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Disagreement between adjective and noun in Brazilian Portuguese</title><content type='html'>Even though Portuguese requires that adjectives agree with the nouns they refer to, I have seen a few instances where some (many?) Brazilians don't follow that, as in É muito esquisito (sic) essa palavra(Is very weird this word* = This word is very weird.) As far as I have been able to observe, this mainly happens when adjectives are placed before nouns in the predicate position. This concurs with other instances of nonstandard usage, as placing a plural subject after a singular verb (Veio todas as pessoa(s)* - Came, sing., all person/people* = All people came.) One would think that somehow verbs and adjectives placed before their nouns or subjects would be in some sort of neuter form. This reminds me of German adjectives, which agree with nouns in the attributive position: Das ist ein neues Haus. (This is a new house), but remain unchanged in the predicative position: Das Haus ist neu. (This house is new)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-3436645675363510200?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/3436645675363510200/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=3436645675363510200' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3436645675363510200'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3436645675363510200'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/05/disagreement-been-adjective-and-noun-in.html' title='Disagreement between adjective and noun in Brazilian Portuguese'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-8732483875771181722</id><published>2011-05-08T09:12:00.004-06:00</published><updated>2011-05-08T09:51:30.227-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Different appellations for the days of the week and the months</title><content type='html'>Funny how similar languages can have different words to designate the days of the week and the months. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differences_between_Spanish_and_Portuguese#Days_of_the_week"&gt;Portuguese and Spanish days&lt;/a&gt; of the week are completely different, except for two identical ones. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_months"&gt;Czech &lt;/a&gt;months have Slavic names, but the &lt;a href="http://www.slovak.com/language/calendar/months/months.html"&gt;Slovak &lt;/a&gt;ones are Latinate. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatian_months"&gt;Croatian &lt;/a&gt;months are also Slavic, but not similar to the Czech ones. There are even two that refer to different months in Czech; one, though, is the same, the word for December. &lt;a href="http://www.unilang.org/wiki/index.php/Serbian_months"&gt;Serbian&lt;/a&gt;, very close to Croatian, has Latinate names, like Slovak.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-8732483875771181722?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/8732483875771181722/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=8732483875771181722' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8732483875771181722'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8732483875771181722'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/05/differents-days-of-week-and-months.html' title='Different appellations for the days of the week and the months'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-3770312862148136755</id><published>2011-05-05T08:30:00.001-06:00</published><updated>2011-05-05T08:32:32.087-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Similarities between Czech, Latin and Greek adjective-noun agreement</title><content type='html'>Standard Czech insists that demonstrative adjectives and adjectives end in a when a neuter plural noun also ends in a (ta bílá letadla – those white airplanes) even though most people most of the times say ty bílé/bílý letadla. No other Slavic language I’m acquainted with has this feature. I wonder whether this agreement was ever widespread in the Czech Republic and whether it isn’t inspired by Greek (tà kalà biblía – the good books) and/or by Latin (brachia longa – long arms). Biblía and brachia are neuter plural nouns. Their singular forms are biblíon and brachium. As can be seen, the adjectives that go with them also end in a.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-3770312862148136755?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/3770312862148136755/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=3770312862148136755' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3770312862148136755'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3770312862148136755'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/05/similarities-between-czech-latin-and.html' title='Similarities between Czech, Latin and Greek adjective-noun agreement'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-8116915358992487362</id><published>2011-05-01T03:11:00.004-06:00</published><updated>2011-05-01T03:17:19.692-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Homizio</title><content type='html'>Essa é uma das palavras que o campeão do Soletrando deste ano soletrou no programa do Jô. Entretanto, ao contrário do que foi dito, pronuncia-se &lt;a href="http://aulete.uol.com.br/site.php?mdl=aulete_digital&amp;op=loadVerbete&amp;pesquisa=1&amp;palavra=homizio"&gt;homizio&lt;/a&gt;, e não homízio, que é uma &lt;a href="http://aulete.uol.com.br/site.php?mdl=aulete_digital&amp;op=loadVerbete&amp;pesquisa=1&amp;palavra=silabada"&gt;silabada&lt;/a&gt;, porque a palavra, por não levar acento, apresenta hiato, o que faz com que a tônica seja a sílaba zi.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-8116915358992487362?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/8116915358992487362/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=8116915358992487362' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8116915358992487362'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8116915358992487362'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/05/homizio.html' title='Homizio'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-4252810986848776735</id><published>2011-04-28T04:53:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-04-28T04:59:23.542-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Joe with cow and sand</title><content type='html'>Joe with cow and sand is &lt;a href="http://www.waywordradio.org/qi-qat-za/"&gt;coffee with milk and sugar&lt;/a&gt;. This reminded me of the Japanese word for sugar, satou (written as さとう in hiragana and as 砂糖 in kanji). The funny thing is that the first kanji, Japanese reading suna, Chinese reading sa, means sand!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-4252810986848776735?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/4252810986848776735/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=4252810986848776735' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/4252810986848776735'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/4252810986848776735'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/04/joe-with-cow-and-sand.html' title='Joe with cow and sand'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-4838186712191722362</id><published>2011-04-26T03:58:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-04-26T04:06:36.859-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Slovene hoteti and Latin volo</title><content type='html'>I've found out that Slove hoteti (to want) (present conjugation: hočem, hočeš, hoče, hočemo, hočete, hočejo) has a negative counterpart conjugated nočem, nočeš, noče, nočemo, nočete, nočejo. In other words, you don't say ne hočem, ne hočeš, etc., as you would with other Slovene verbs (except biti, to be). This is very similar to Latin volo (to want), conjugated volo, vis, vult, volimus, vultis, volunt, and nolo (not to want), conjugated nolo, non vis, non vult, nolimus, non vultis, nolunt, excep that Latin doesn't always have a synthetic form for this verb.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-4838186712191722362?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/4838186712191722362/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=4838186712191722362' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/4838186712191722362'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/4838186712191722362'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/04/slovene-hoteti-and-latin-volo.html' title='Slovene hoteti and Latin volo'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-3893800201862198911</id><published>2011-04-24T02:05:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-04-24T02:27:09.756-06:00</updated><title type='text'>"To have" to express existence</title><content type='html'>A few languages use the equivalent of "to have" (ima, ma, ter) to express existence. Among them are Macedonian and Bulgarian.: (MA)во паркот има многу луѓе (vo parkot ima mnogu lugje), (BU)в паркa има много хора (v parka ima mnogo khora) (There are many people in the park.) The same exists in Polish, but only when the verb is negated: W parku jest wielu ludzi (There are many people in the park.). W parku nie ma wielu ludzi. (There are not many people in the park.) A non-Slavic language that uses the verb "to have" is Brazilian Portuguese, where the verb ter (to have) oftentimes replaces the "proper" verb haver (there to be) in these situations: No parque tem muita gente (Instead of the proper: No parque há muita gente.) It should be noted too that haver comes from Latin habere, which means to have! In classic Latin the verb sum, esse (to be) was used in such situations, just as the verb "to be" is used in other Slavic languages, among them Czech, Russian, Slovak and Polish (but not always, as noted above). It is also noteworthy that languages that use the verb "to have" to express existence use it in the singular only, including Brazilian Portuguese, but I've also encountered a plural verb due to hypercorrection. In my opinion, if you want to speak properly, use the verb "haver" then. Instead of Tiveram muitos acidentes o ano passado, an attempt at hypercorrection and IMHO not idiomatic at all, use in speech Teve muitos acidentes o ano passado or, if you want to "talk posh" :) Houve muitos acidentes o ano passado. The funny thing is that the verb haver is sometimes found in the plural, both in Portuguese and Spanish, maybe more in the latter, however, it should only be in the singular according to grammar books: (PT) Houve, not houveram, muitos acidentes o ano passado. (SP)Hubo, not hubieron, muchos accidentes el año pasado. (There were many accidents last year.) The opposite, the use of the singular, is sometimes heard in English: There was many accidents last year. The thing just goes on and on across languages.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-3893800201862198911?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/3893800201862198911/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=3893800201862198911' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3893800201862198911'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3893800201862198911'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/04/to-have-to-express-existence.html' title='&quot;To have&quot; to express existence'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-7272004239970960454</id><published>2011-04-18T13:59:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-04-18T14:08:54.726-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Los onceS iniciales</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.fundeu.es/recomendaciones-F-futbol-16-claves-para-redactar-mejor-918.html"&gt;2. Se debe decir los onces iniciales y no los once iniciales, pues los cardinales cuando se usan como sustantivos presentan variación de número y adoptan el plural que les corresponde.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Que me perdonen a mí, que no sé nada de fútbol pero sí un poquito de gramática, pero no entiendo y no acaban de convencerme de que se debe decir &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;onceS&lt;/span&gt;. Once es un numeral en la expresión. Lo que pasa es que el sustantivo (jugadores o algo similar) está sobrentendido. Sería sustantivo si se hablara de los dos onces de un partido, o sea, de los dos jugadores marcados con el número 11. Puede que tengan razón en lo que dicen, pero tendrán que explicármelo bien.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-7272004239970960454?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/7272004239970960454/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=7272004239970960454' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7272004239970960454'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7272004239970960454'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/04/los-onces-iniciales.html' title='Los onceS iniciales'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-2444133082234399328</id><published>2011-04-16T03:00:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-04-16T03:21:12.919-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Jenž, jejž</title><content type='html'>The relative pronouns jenž, and variations, are a Czech specialty. No cognates appear in other Slavic languges, not even in Slovak. Even many native Czechs don't get these pronouns right when declining them. One of their insteresting features is that inanimate masculine nominative and animate masculine accusative are not identical. In other cases (nouns and adjectives), but not personal pronouns, in all Slavic languages, these two cases look the same. Czech: Mám nový dům. Nový dům je velký. Slovak: Mám nový dom. Nový dom je veľký. Polish: Mam nowy dom. Nowy dom jest duży/wielki. All of them mean I have a new house. The new house is big, where new house is accusative in the first sentence and nominative in the second one.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This doesn't hold true for jenž, though. Jenž can only be masculine nominative, animate or inanimate: Hoch, jenž je tady, je můj syn. Dům, jenž tam stojí, patří mému otci. (The boy who is here is my son. The house that stands there belongs to my father.) If you want the accusative, you use jejž for inanimates and jehož (which also means whose) or jejž for animates: Hoch, jejž/jehož vidím, je můj syn. Dům, jejž vidím, patří mému otci. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It should be said, though, that these pronouns are most commonly used in writing (and even there occasionally erroneously). The spoken language prefers který (and variations), declined as regular adjectives, with cognates in most Slavic tongues.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-2444133082234399328?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/2444133082234399328/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=2444133082234399328' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2444133082234399328'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2444133082234399328'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/04/jenz-jejz.html' title='Jenž, jejž'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-8271124964241192654</id><published>2011-04-14T11:54:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-04-14T11:59:03.894-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Cunami, tsunami</title><content type='html'>I see that Slovak reporters have been using cunami (tsunami) &lt;a href="http://aktualne.centrum.sk/hledani.phtml"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, which I applaud, since c is pronounced ts in Slovak. I was curious whether this is countenanced anywhere, and it is.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Czech grammarians &lt;a href="http://domaci.ihned.cz/2-15450460-002000_d-de"&gt;prefer &lt;/a&gt;cunami, but it looks as though nobody pays attention to them. I will, though, now that I know it's okay and even preferable.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All other languages I read in spell it tsunami.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-8271124964241192654?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/8271124964241192654/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=8271124964241192654' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8271124964241192654'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8271124964241192654'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/04/cunami-tsunami.html' title='Cunami, tsunami'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-7081977228984773923</id><published>2011-04-12T01:45:00.004-06:00</published><updated>2011-04-12T01:51:16.663-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Mist in Slavic languages</title><content type='html'>It's funny to notice how different Slavic languages deal with the word for mist or fog. Sometimes it looks as though four letters (g is a Czech/Slovak innovation from general Slavic g) were scattered over a table and each Slavic language combined them haphazardly. Czech has mlha, but Polish and Russian have mgła and мгла (mgla), respectively, whereas Slovak has hmla.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-7081977228984773923?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/7081977228984773923/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=7081977228984773923' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7081977228984773923'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7081977228984773923'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/04/mist-in-slavic-languages.html' title='Mist in Slavic languages'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-8352809237094214450</id><published>2011-04-07T00:52:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-04-07T01:47:39.410-06:00</updated><title type='text'>That's</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.cracked.com/article_19121_7-basic-things-you-wont-believe-youre-all-doing-wrong.html"&gt;There's even a muscle that's purpose is to tighten things up when we're sitting or standing to prevent accidents.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Is this a new genitive form, the genitive of that? Wouldn't &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;whose &lt;/span&gt;have sufficed? But there's another strange thing in this article (I didn't read all of it): &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;the where&lt;/span&gt; (you're forming an angle between the where the poop is and where the poop's gotta come out). So I don't know anymore what to think. I thought at first the authors could be non-native writers of English, but their names do not suggest that. Maybe just a poorly revised text?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-8352809237094214450?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/8352809237094214450/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=8352809237094214450' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8352809237094214450'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8352809237094214450'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/04/thats.html' title='That&apos;s'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-1606684008669861809</id><published>2011-04-05T02:42:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-04-05T02:49:06.838-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Porpeta</title><content type='html'>http://forum.wordreference.com/showthread.php?t=2112152&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Não sei se no Brasil inteiro, mas na minha região se diz (sempre?) porpeta e eu nunca entendi por quê. Em italiano (padrão pelo menos) é polpetta, polpettone, com l. É fato que em algumas regiões italianas, como por exemplo em Roma e alguma outra, o l em fim de sílaba se pronuncia como r, mas será que é isso que explica a nossa pronúncia porpeta, ou será que é o rotacismo típico da região ou ainda que a pronúncia do l italiano, que é diferente da do u, como pronuncia a esmagadora maioria dos brasileiros em português, é interpretada mais próxima a um r por ouvidos tupiniquins? Que conste também que não encontrei nem porpeta nem polpeta em nenhum dicionário da língua portuguesa.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-1606684008669861809?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/1606684008669861809/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=1606684008669861809' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/1606684008669861809'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/1606684008669861809'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/04/porpeta.html' title='Porpeta'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-2093811995625843978</id><published>2011-04-04T03:39:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-04-04T03:44:30.500-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Pronunciation of thyme</title><content type='html'>My wife and I have been recently to the United States. Since she is allergic to oregano and thyme, whenever we went to a restaurant, we had to make sure the dish she had picked contained neither of these ingredients. Both my wife and I pronounced thyme with a th sound (as in think), but I noticed all of the locals we spoke to said it like time. I thought that was odd, but I didn't make any comment. I have just done a little bit of research now and have found out that both pronunciations are acceptable, but the time one seems to be more widespread and given prominence in the overwhelming majority of dictionaries. There's even one &lt;a href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/thyme"&gt;dictionary &lt;/a&gt;that says thyme with a th sound is spelling pronunciation.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-2093811995625843978?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/2093811995625843978/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=2093811995625843978' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2093811995625843978'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2093811995625843978'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/04/pronunciation-of-thyme.html' title='Pronunciation of thyme'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-5738443686875986905</id><published>2011-03-15T03:54:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-03-15T04:10:05.696-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Babybox</title><content type='html'>A &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_hatch"&gt;baby hatch&lt;/a&gt; is known in the Czech Republic as babybox. This linguist seems to be under the impression that babybox in this context is actually used in English (Jak je možné, že babybox se objevuje poprvé až v roce 2005?! (Mimochodem, zajímalo by mě, jak by si jazykoví puristi s tímto slovem poradili – vytvořit nějaký český překlad nebo používat toto nečeské, tedy „nepatřičné“ slovo?)(How is it possible that baby box only surfaced in the year 2005?! By the way, I wonder how language purists would deal with this word - to come up with some Czech translation or to use this non-Czech, in other words, improper word?) But, as it turns out, babybox, even though it is made up of two English words, is a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-Anglicism"&gt;pseudo-anglicism&lt;/a&gt;. It must be a European concoction, since in Norwegian it is also known as baby box, spelled babyboks, as can be seen in the Wikipedia article to which I linked.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-5738443686875986905?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/5738443686875986905/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=5738443686875986905' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5738443686875986905'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5738443686875986905'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/03/babybox.html' title='Babybox'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-9093087862302063409</id><published>2011-03-13T01:11:00.001-06:00</published><updated>2011-03-13T01:12:35.450-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Chronogram e cronograma</title><content type='html'>Quem precisar traduzir entre chronogram e cronograma, que fique esperto, porque &lt;a href="http://www.worldwidewords.org/nl/lxux.htm"&gt;não &lt;/a&gt;se trata da mesma coisa.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-9093087862302063409?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/9093087862302063409/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=9093087862302063409' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/9093087862302063409'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/9093087862302063409'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/03/chronogram-e-cronograma.html' title='Chronogram e cronograma'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-3944402512955411150</id><published>2011-03-11T12:20:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-03-11T12:22:50.006-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Usmar</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://faustoraso.blogspot.com/"&gt;Usmare ha corrispondenze anche in altre lingue d’area romanza, dice il Battaglia, citando lo spagnolo antico osmar e il portoghese usmar.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gostaria até que existisse, mas pelo que pude apurar, não existe o tal usmar em português. Não sei quanto ao espanhol antigo, mas no espanhol atual tampouco há osmar como verbo.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-3944402512955411150?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/3944402512955411150/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=3944402512955411150' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3944402512955411150'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3944402512955411150'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/03/usmar.html' title='Usmar'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-1281851511364082909</id><published>2011-03-08T12:02:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-03-08T12:04:38.170-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Güebiernar</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.fundeu.es/noticias-articulos-el-rosco-de-los-americanismos-6399.html"&gt;Con la ge: en Honduras, robar gobernando el país: güebiernar. La palabra se forma a partir del verbo güeviar (que significa robar) y gobierno, El genio del idioma ha creado el verbo y también el sustantivo para el gobierno que roba: el güebierno.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;É uma pena que uma palavra tão eloquente se restrinja só a Honduras, pelo menos segundo o artigo. Ou melhor dito, é uma pena que haja necessidade para tal palavra em qualquer parte do mundo.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-1281851511364082909?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/1281851511364082909/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=1281851511364082909' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/1281851511364082909'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/1281851511364082909'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/03/guebiernar.html' title='Güebiernar'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-7635162741429870352</id><published>2011-03-05T12:46:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-03-05T12:49:08.185-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Ementa</title><content type='html'>Conhecia o significado que dão em Portugal à ementa, conhecida como cardápio, mais raramente menu, no Brasil, mas nunca a tinha visto num contexto brasileiro, mas ei-la aqui: &lt;a href="http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0,,EMI214201-15230,00-NAO+MATO+O+TRABALHO+O+TRABALHO+E+QUE+ME+MATA.html"&gt;Ele também analisou as ementas de 56 processos julgados e que tiveram o nexo causal reconhecido.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Terceira &lt;a href="http://aulete.uol.com.br/site.php?mdl=aulete_digital&amp;op=loadVerbete&amp;pesquisa=1&amp;palavra=ementa"&gt;acepção&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-7635162741429870352?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/7635162741429870352/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=7635162741429870352' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7635162741429870352'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7635162741429870352'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/03/ementa.html' title='Ementa'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-2665873960836869013</id><published>2011-03-03T13:16:00.004-06:00</published><updated>2011-03-10T05:41:06.256-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Anomalous Spanish present continuous</title><content type='html'>In the book I am reading, Inés del Alma Mía, there are some grammatical constructions used by Catalina, a Peruvian Indian woman who speaks Spanish as a second language, that have drawn my attention. Here is a sample: (1)¿Qué vamos a estar haciendo con él, mamitay (What are will we be doing with him, mamitay)? (2) No está queriendo irse, pues. (He isn't wanting to go, that's it.) (3)Quedarse está queriendo, no más.(Staying he is wanting, simply.) (4)¿Y quién va a estar vigilando al salvaje, pues, señoray? (And who will be watching this savage, huh, señoray?) 5)Ladrones y flojos están siendo estos mapuche. (Thieves and bums are being these mapuche.) This can an influence from Catalina's first language or from the existence of both possibilities in Spanish and her inadequate understanding of the scope of usage of each one.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This reminds me of the overuse of English continuous tenses by some &lt;a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?Difficulties-With-the-Present-Continuous-Tense&amp;id=4257975"&gt;Indians &lt;/a&gt;(from India) and also some Brazilians' overuse of the continuous tense in Portuguese, known as &lt;a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerundismo"&gt;gerundismo&lt;/a&gt; (the Brazilian linguist Sírio Possenti doesn't agree with his designation, but it's the widest one used), something purportedly thrown around as a means of embellishing one's speech or making one's assertions less definite, as some linguists argue, which is especially relevant at a call center, whence most of this language irradiates. Nevertheless, the use of the continuous tenses is sentences 2 and 3 sounds idiomatic to me in Portuguese, at least in my dialect/idiolect. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Another interesting feature of Catalina's Spanish is &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topic%E2%80%93comment"&gt;topicalization&lt;/a&gt;, but I won't even go into this right this now.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-2665873960836869013?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/2665873960836869013/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=2665873960836869013' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2665873960836869013'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2665873960836869013'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/03/anomalous-spanish-present-continuous.html' title='Anomalous Spanish present continuous'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-7954927402598976248</id><published>2011-03-01T07:31:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-03-01T07:37:55.582-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Alho-poró</title><content type='html'>No Brasil vulgarizou-se a forma alho-poró em vez da tradicional alho-porro. O dicionário &lt;a href="http://aulete.uol.com.br/site.php?mdl=aulete_digital&amp;op=loadVerbete&amp;pesquisa=1&amp;palavra=alho-por%F3"&gt;Aulete &lt;/a&gt;diz que é por eufemismo. Pelo que pude apurar, em Portugal usa-se somente alho-porro, e os portugueses parece não terem pejo algum em dizê-lo, apesar de &lt;a href="http://www.priberam.pt/dlpo/default.aspx?pal=porra"&gt;porra &lt;/a&gt;também ter sentido chulo para eles.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-7954927402598976248?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/7954927402598976248/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=7954927402598976248' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7954927402598976248'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7954927402598976248'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/03/alho-poro.html' title='Alho-poró'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-1774478575041455978</id><published>2011-02-27T09:46:00.004-06:00</published><updated>2011-02-27T09:50:21.678-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Los mapuche</title><content type='html'>Estoy leyendo el excelente libro de Isabel Allende &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Inés del Alma Mí&lt;/span&gt;a, pero hay algo que me llamó la atención: &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Yo pienso seguir llamándolos mapuche &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;(en vez de araucanos)&lt;/span&gt; - la palabra no tiene plural en castellano - hasta que me muera, porque así se dicen ellos mismos. &lt;/span&gt;No sé de dónde sacó Doña Isabel esa información, pero el plural de mapuche es un sencillo &lt;a href="http://buscon.rae.es/draeI/SrvltConsulta?TIPO_BUS=3&amp;LEMA=mapuche"&gt;mapuches &lt;/a&gt;en castellano.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-1774478575041455978?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/1774478575041455978/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=1774478575041455978' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/1774478575041455978'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/1774478575041455978'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/02/los-mapuche.html' title='Los mapuche'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-2023883148340710239</id><published>2011-02-24T12:20:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-02-24T12:42:58.447-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Minulý přechodník</title><content type='html'>It's a pity that Czech minulý přechodník is hardly ever used nowadays. It's such an economical way of saying things. Instead of &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Poté, co ona slyšela zaklepání na dveře, šla otevřít&lt;/span&gt; (When she heard a knock on the door, she opened it.), you could succintly say Slyševši zaklepání na dvěre, šla otevřít (Having heard a knock on the door, she opened it). Modern speakers seem to have no feel for it anymore and when they use it, if ever, they may fall into the trap of not assigning the right gender to the minulý přechodník, as in this sentence, extracted from the magazine 21. století: A to nebude jednoché. Nejdřív je musí robot, přistanuvší na rudé planetě, získat.(That will not be easy. First, having landed on the red planet, the robot has to collect them - soil samples.) There are two problems here: first, it is not přistavnuší, it is přistávši or přistavši, and second, přistavši is feminine and doesn't agree with the subject of the sentence, robot, which is masculine. The word they were looking for is přistav or přistáv. More &lt;a href="http://prirucka.ujc.cas.cz/?slovo=p%C5%99ist%C3%A1t&amp;Hledej=Hledej"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;(in Czech).&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-2023883148340710239?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/2023883148340710239/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=2023883148340710239' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2023883148340710239'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2023883148340710239'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/02/minuly-prechodnik.html' title='Minulý přechodník'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-3420774723359070267</id><published>2011-02-22T02:25:00.004-06:00</published><updated>2011-02-22T02:29:41.195-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Saudade em espanhol</title><content type='html'>Já sabia que tinham incluído a portuguesíssima &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;saudade&lt;/span&gt; no &lt;a href="http://buscon.rae.es/draeI/SrvltConsulta?TIPO_BUS=3&amp;LEMA=saudade"&gt;dicionário &lt;/a&gt;espanhol, mas até então nunca a tinha visto em nenhum texto, até me deparar com este: &lt;a href="http://www.fundeu.es/noticias-articulos-el-espaNol-nuestro-aNorar-6402.html"&gt; La razón es obvia, pues como dice el lector: no se puede añorar lo que no se ha tenido. El sustantivo derivado añoranzatiene como sinónimos: morriña, nostalgia, tristeza, pena, vacío, soledad, melancolía, recuerdo, meditación, saudade, rememoración, evocación.&lt;/a&gt; Mas mesme este texto é de caráter metalinguístico, o que não conta muito.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mas tenho sérias dúvidas se um falante comum de espanhol sabe o que significa e ainda mais de onde provém. É claro que aqui excluo os que sabem português.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-3420774723359070267?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/3420774723359070267/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=3420774723359070267' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3420774723359070267'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3420774723359070267'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/02/saudade-em-espanhol.html' title='Saudade em espanhol'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-3235338891950516675</id><published>2011-02-20T04:22:00.010-06:00</published><updated>2011-02-22T02:34:41.085-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Viking</title><content type='html'>Acabei de descobrir que &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;viking &lt;/span&gt;se encontra aportuguesado na forma viquingue/víquingue, tanto neste dicionário &lt;a href="http://aulete.uol.com.br/site.php?mdl=aulete_digital&amp;op=loadVerbete&amp;pesquisa=1&amp;palavra=viquingue"&gt;brasileiro &lt;/a&gt;quanto neste &lt;a href="http://www.priberam.pt/dlpo/default.aspx?pal=v%C3%ADquingue"&gt;português&lt;/a&gt;, mas com uma grande diferença: naquele é palavra paroxítona, que não corresponde à pronúncia corrente; neste é proparoxítona, acentuando a sílaba tônica da mesma forma que o vulgo. É possível também que a grafia paroxítona do dicionário brasileiro tenha sido um lapso em vez de uma escolha deliberada. Não disponho de elementos para afirmá-lo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Viquingue com acento no segundo i segue a mesma acentuação que o espanhol &lt;a href="http://buscon.rae.es/draeI/SrvltConsulta?TIPO_BUS=3&amp;LEMA=viquingo"&gt;vikingo &lt;/a&gt;e o italiano &lt;a href="http://www.treccani.it/Portale/elements/categoriesItems.jsp?pathFile=/sites/default/BancaDati/Vocabolario_online/V/VIT_III_V_125170.xml"&gt;vichingo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Talvez não se trate de lapso, porque acabei de me inteirar de que a &lt;a href="http://www.academia.org.br/"&gt;Academia Brasileira de Letras&lt;/a&gt; (Nossa Língua - Busca no Vocabulário) também abona viquingue. Tanto viquingue quanto víquingue parecem-me bons aportuguesamentos quando se considera o lado gráfico, mas não me parecem bons por não respeitarem a prosódia normal (pelo menos com base na minha experiência), que é víquim, plural víquins. Mas é que daí se impõe outro problema: não acredito que haja em português palavras paroxítonas terminadas em im. Poder-se-ia, se houvesse vontade, pôr víquim a par de xópim, possível adaptação de shopping que corresponde à pronúncia em português, pelo menos brasileira, mas tenho as minhas dúvidas se a maioria dos escreventes e leitores concordaria com tal ousadia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Adição: De fato não deve haver paroxítona em português terminada em im, já que não aparece nem nas regras de acentuação essa possibilidade: http://www.portaldalinguaportuguesa.org/index.php?action=acordo&amp;version=1990&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-3235338891950516675?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/3235338891950516675/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=3235338891950516675' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3235338891950516675'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3235338891950516675'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/02/viquingue.html' title='Viking'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-3677938988473504229</id><published>2011-02-18T10:02:00.005-06:00</published><updated>2011-02-18T10:08:29.360-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Xeque</title><content type='html'>Apesar de existir oficialmente, nunca ouvi ninguém dizer xeque no Brasil para se referir ao líder árabe, sempre &lt;a href="http://aulete.uol.com.br/site.php?mdl=aulete_digital&amp;op=loadVerbete&amp;pesquisa=1&amp;palavra=xeique"&gt;xeique&lt;/a&gt;, também correto, talvez por influência do inglês &lt;a href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/sheik"&gt;sheik&lt;/a&gt;, pronunciado xik ou xeik, usando notação portuguesa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Xeque usa-se na expressão pôr algo em &lt;a href="http://aulete.uol.com.br/site.php?mdl=aulete_digital&amp;op=loadVerbete&amp;pesquisa=1&amp;palavra=xeque"&gt;xeque&lt;/a&gt;. Neste caso não se diz xeique.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-3677938988473504229?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/3677938988473504229/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=3677938988473504229' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3677938988473504229'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3677938988473504229'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/02/xeque.html' title='Xeque'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-5410646653389819015</id><published>2011-02-16T14:54:00.004-06:00</published><updated>2011-02-16T15:05:51.872-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Idiotów i idiotki</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://wyborcza.pl/1,75248,9114004,Kobiety_osadza_Berlusconiego.html"&gt;Berlusconi traktuje Włochów jak idiotów i idiotki.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Berlusconi trata os italianos como tolos e tolas." (O adjetivo idiota em português é &lt;a href="http://aulete.uol.com.br/site.php?mdl=aulete_digital&amp;op=loadVerbete&amp;pesquisa=1&amp;palavra=uniforme"&gt;uniforme&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Esta linguagem que se pretende inclusiva tira-me do sério, e neste caso é ainda pior porque não há mérito nenhum em se encontrar no rol de idiotas. Se usou idiotów (masc.pl.) e idiotki (fem.pl.), por que não fez o mesmo com Włosi (italianos)? Berlusconi traktuje Włochów i Włoszki jak idiotów i idiotki ("Berlusconi trata os italianos e italianas como tolos e tolas") ou ainda melhor: Berlusconi traktuje Włochów jak idiotów i Włoszki jak idiotki ("Berlusconi trata os italianos como tolos e as italianas como tolas). Haja tolice.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-5410646653389819015?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/5410646653389819015/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=5410646653389819015' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5410646653389819015'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5410646653389819015'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/02/idiotow-i-idiotki.html' title='Idiotów i idiotki'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-3783662442002727630</id><published>2011-02-14T05:12:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-02-14T05:16:08.738-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Você terá outras notícias</title><content type='html'>Sempre dizem ao fim do Jornal Nacional &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Você terá outras notícias no Jornal da Globo&lt;/span&gt; ou algo que o valha. Essa expressão não me parece 100% vernácula, parece um decalque do inglês. Será que eu sou o único que a estranha? Para mim seria mais idiomático algo como &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;O Jornal da Globo dará/fornecerá outras notícias&lt;/span&gt; ou &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Você verá/terá acesso a outras notícias no Jornal da Globo&lt;/span&gt;. Daqui a pouco os convidados dos programas de entrevistas começarão a dizer &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Obrigado por me ter&lt;/span&gt; (grande cacófato), como dizem os anglófonos &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Thanks for having me.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-3783662442002727630?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/3783662442002727630/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=3783662442002727630' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3783662442002727630'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/3783662442002727630'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/02/voce-tera-outras-noticias.html' title='Você terá outras notícias'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-2055637213999692385</id><published>2011-02-12T04:24:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-02-12T04:30:32.330-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Aforisma e cataclisma</title><content type='html'>Acabei de "aprender" &lt;a href="http://revistalingua.uol.com.br/textos.asp?codigo=12239"&gt;aforisma&lt;/a&gt;, que deveria ser aforismo (ver &lt;a href="http://aulete.uol.com.br/site.php?mdl=aulete_digital&amp;op=loadVerbete&amp;palavra=aforismo"&gt;aqui &lt;/a&gt;e &lt;a href="http://usuarios.cultura.com.br/jmrezende/aforismo.htm"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;). Lembrei-me do caso da corruptela cataclisma, bastante comum no Brasil em vez do correto cataclismo. No &lt;a href="http://ciberduvidas.pt/pergunta.php?id=17644"&gt;Ciberdúvidas &lt;/a&gt;fala-se da possibilidade de italianismo para o impulso dessa palavra no Brasil, mas neste caso em particular duvido que se trate disso, apesar de os italianismos na fala brasileira serem mais do que patentes. Por que duvido? Porque cataclismo é uma palavra culta, não é algo que teria sido trazido por imigrantes semianalfabetos. Cataclisma e aforisma devem ter-se formado por contaminação com outras palavras masculinas de origem grega terminadas em ma: teorema, morfema, problema, estratagema, etc.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-2055637213999692385?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/2055637213999692385/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=2055637213999692385' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2055637213999692385'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/2055637213999692385'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/02/aforisma-e-cataclisma.html' title='Aforisma e cataclisma'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-1625816114162073554</id><published>2011-02-10T12:34:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-02-10T12:44:07.146-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Stratégia and prostitúcia in Slovak</title><content type='html'>I was surprised a few days ago when I found out that Slovak has stratégia and prostitúcia instead of štratégia and proštitúcia, which I would have expected, despite their predilection for št and šp (pronounced sht and shp) in words of Latin or Greek origin, which they probably got from German, as German also pronounces sht and shp, but only at the beginning of words. Other examples are študent, inšpirácia, inštitúcia, konštitúcia, where Czech has student, inspirace, konstituce, and instituce (no sht or shp sound).&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-1625816114162073554?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/1625816114162073554/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=1625816114162073554' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/1625816114162073554'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/1625816114162073554'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/02/strategia-and-prostitucia-in-slovak.html' title='Stratégia and prostitúcia in Slovak'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-5788407452624966094</id><published>2011-02-08T11:06:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-02-08T11:10:04.618-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Elas são pouco exigidas</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0,,EMI208862-15257,00-CRIANCA+NAO+DEVE+FICAR+TAO+PREOCUPADA.html"&gt;Há, porém, a opinião oposta. “As crianças de hoje são protegidas demais”, diz a filósofa e escritora Tania Zagury, autora de Limites sem trauma. “&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Elas são pouco exigidas.&lt;/span&gt; Então quando chega a hora de um vestibulinho, de uma cobrança na escola, elas não sabem como lidar, não foram preparadas.” Para Tania, a ansiedade é fruto do imediatismo que tomou conta da sociedade.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Que voz passiva estranha! Exige-se algo das crianças, não se exigem as crianças. Será que a pessoa que proferiu a frase foi contaminada pela voz passiva da frase anterior?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-5788407452624966094?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/5788407452624966094/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=5788407452624966094' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5788407452624966094'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5788407452624966094'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/02/elas-sao-pouco-exigidas.html' title='Elas são pouco exigidas'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-1949765517672259034</id><published>2011-02-06T04:45:00.004-06:00</published><updated>2011-02-06T04:49:32.305-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Legs, bones, and charnel houses</title><content type='html'>Dutch &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;been &lt;/span&gt;means both bone and leg. They differ in the plural form, beenderen for the former and benen for the latter. German Bein usually means leg, but in archaic usage it can also mean bone. That usage of Bein is found in Beinhaus, which is not a house for legs, but a house for bones, a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charnel_house"&gt;charnel house&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-1949765517672259034?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/1949765517672259034/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=1949765517672259034' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/1949765517672259034'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/1949765517672259034'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/02/charner-house.html' title='Legs, bones, and charnel houses'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-923408966710464669</id><published>2011-02-04T11:17:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-02-04T11:19:02.026-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Sáunico</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0,,EMI206842-15230,00-A+IGREJA+DO+LIVRO+TRANSFORMADOR.html"&gt;Era um calhamaço que eu, de bicicleta, ia comprar numa banca do centro da cidade. Eu separava o caderno de Internacional e, deitado na varanda de casa, no calor sáunico de Cataguases, passava a manhã me informando dos rumos da Humanidade... &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Não o achei em nenhum dicionário, mas é simpático o tal sáunico.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-923408966710464669?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/923408966710464669/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=923408966710464669' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/923408966710464669'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/923408966710464669'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/02/saunico.html' title='Sáunico'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-8402526718880831995</id><published>2011-02-02T08:26:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-02-02T08:44:44.382-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Crazy Czech consonants</title><content type='html'>Some Czech words have consonants that are not expected in other languages. It has mostly to do with voiced and voiceless consonants, and something tells me that German (dialect? Austrian dialect?) influence has had something to do with it since Czech consonants are unaspirated as Romance ones, thus if Czech has gotten such words directly from French, no drastic changes would have been necessary. Czech has bažant (pheasant), piškoty (biscotti) and the worst of all: pugét (bouquet). I suspect it was like this: a German heard French bouquet, just to give an example, with its unaspirated consonants as pugé and passed it on to Czech, which retains the t, pronounced in Czech, maybe due to etymology. Nonetheless, standard German has Bouquet, with a mute t. This reminds me of what I read in a German book set in Italy once: the author wrote bappo instead of babbo (daddy in Italian). I'm not sure if the perception of aspirated and unaspirated and voiced and voiceless consonants by German speakers explains it, but it's the only thing I've been able to come up with.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Or maybe the word has evolved entirely in Czech, like barva (color), from German Farbe. This word must have been taken so long ago that it has had time to change from farba, as it still is in Slovak, to barva through &lt;a href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/metathesis"&gt;metathesis &lt;/a&gt;and &lt;a href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/voicing"&gt;voicing&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-8402526718880831995?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/8402526718880831995/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=8402526718880831995' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8402526718880831995'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8402526718880831995'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/02/crazy-czech-consonants.html' title='Crazy Czech consonants'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-4718604395384284028</id><published>2011-01-31T11:58:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-01-31T12:08:27.527-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Amsterdã(o)</title><content type='html'>É assim e não sou eu que vou (ou posso) mudar, mas nem Amsterdã (preferida no Brasil) nem Amsterdão (preferida em Portugal) estão completamente conformes às regras ortográficas da língua portuguesa. Também se poderia dizer que são adaptações pela metade do holandês Amsterdam. Não me ocorre nenhuma outra palavra na nossa língua, que repugna acúmulos de consoantes, com a combinação mst. O mais escorreito teria sido Am(a/e/i/o/u)sterdã(o), mas agora já é tarde demais.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-4718604395384284028?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/4718604395384284028/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=4718604395384284028' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/4718604395384284028'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/4718604395384284028'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/01/amsterdao.html' title='Amsterdã(o)'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-7698043921792779555</id><published>2011-01-20T08:08:00.001-06:00</published><updated>2011-01-20T08:08:30.378-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Marco Pollo</title><content type='html'>Ho visto oggi sulla vetrina di una pizzeria ceca: pizza Marco Pollo. Non sapevo che Marco Polo fosse un gallinaceo. :)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-7698043921792779555?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/7698043921792779555/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=7698043921792779555' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7698043921792779555'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/7698043921792779555'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/01/marco-pollo.html' title='Marco Pollo'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-8153903442675077736</id><published>2011-01-18T08:36:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-01-18T08:40:33.068-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Provádíme opravu oděvů</title><content type='html'>To stojí na stojánku před obchodem. Není snažší a nezabírá méně místa psát &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Opravujeme oděvy&lt;/span&gt;? To mi připomíná upozornění z madridského metra &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;El tren está efectuando la entrada en la estación&lt;/span&gt; místo jednoduššího a kratšího &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;En tren está entrando en la estación&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-8153903442675077736?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/8153903442675077736/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=8153903442675077736' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8153903442675077736'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/8153903442675077736'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/01/provadime-opravu-odevu.html' title='Provádíme opravu oděvů'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-5461100093694387635</id><published>2011-01-16T10:58:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-01-16T11:07:50.204-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Prepositions before Romance verbs</title><content type='html'>A student of mine was puzzled by the following Italian structure: cominciare (to start, to begin, to commence) + a (preposition to) + infinitive. Her comment was that she had never seen prepositions before an infinitive and went on to say that in Czech that is impossible. She is right, but I had never noticed it. There's nothing that prevents Romance verbs to be followed by prepositions, but the same does not hold true for other languages. Other Indo-European groups only allow nouns and pronouns to be followed by a preposition. The same thing happens in English. You say &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;I'm dreaming of a new car&lt;/span&gt; but you can't say&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt; I'm dreaming of buy a new car&lt;/span&gt;. You have to turn that verb into a noun first: I'm dreaming of buying a new car. Where did Romance languages acquire that ability? Not from Latin, at least not from Classical Latin. In Latin you had to do something close to English, you had to turn an infinitive into a nominal form: amare - ad amandum, ab amando, etc. Maybe Late Latin had no problem with prepositions plus verbs and that's how that arose in Romance languages.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-5461100093694387635?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/5461100093694387635/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=5461100093694387635' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5461100093694387635'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/5461100093694387635'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/01/prepositions-before-romance-verbs.html' title='Prepositions before Romance verbs'/><author><name>světluška</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09192934150576118552</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9105895563376610464.post-4241941243810154964</id><published>2011-01-14T19:34:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-01-14T19:51:48.938-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Latin and Russian Neuter Nouns</title><content type='html'>I have just learnt that a very limited number of Russian neuter nouns have an irregular plural ending.  Those with -мя in singular nominative have -мени.  There are only 11 of &lt;a href="http://www.study-languages-online.com/russian-nouns-gender.html#mya_nouns"&gt;them&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;бремя burden, время time, вымя udder, знамя banner, flag, племя tribe, имя name, пламя flame, полымя flame (archaic), семя seed, semen, стремя stirrup, темя cinciput (&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;sic&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Some of them have good similarities with Latin neuter nouns such as семя vs. semen;  полымя vs. fulmen (lightning).  The Latin neuter nouns ending in -men have -mina for the nominative plural.  Comparing the two systems, we see the following pattern:&lt;br /&gt;L: -men → -mina&lt;br /&gt;R: -mja → -meni&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If they are really systematic parallels, then the Russian singular may have lost the final -n as the result of an earlier nasalization.  Blaming it to nasalization often justifies Greek ties that trace the origin of the language back to Proto-Indo-European.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9105895563376610464-4241941243810154964?l=linguaetextae.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/feeds/4241941243810154964/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=9105895563376610464&amp;postID=4241941243810154964' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/4241941243810154964'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9105895563376610464/posts/default/4241941243810154964'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://linguaetextae.blogspot.com/2011/01/latin-and-russian-neuter-nouns.html' title='Latin and Russian Neuter Nouns'/><author><name>Sparnai</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01715184301962818106</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry></feed>
